Species delimitation in Pinaceae is often challenged by limited morphological differentiation and introgression. In Tsuga (hemlocks), species delimitation has been most challenging among northeastern Asian taxa, where the species are weakly marked morphologically and range in number from three to five in previous studies. Two low-copy nuclear four-coumarase-ligase (4CL) genes andmorphology strongly support a clade of the Japanese endemic T. diversifolia and T. sieboldii from Japan and Ulleung island (Ulleungdo) in Korea. This clade is here referred to as the oceanic hemlocks. 4CL strongly supports a sister-group relationship of the widespread northeastern Asian T. chinensis and eastern North American T. caroliniana. In contrast, chloroplast genomes, which are markedly reduced in Tsuga and relatives, strongly support Japanese T. sieboldii as sister to T. chinensis and moderately support T. caroliniana as sister to a clade of T. diversifolia and hemlocks from Ulleungdo. These divergent topologies suggest chloroplast capture of T. chinensis by Japanese T. sieboldii. Ulleungdo hemlocks are distinct from other northeastern Asian species in leaf and cone morphology and phenologically in common-garden observations. We therefore describe these hemlocks as a new species, Tsuga ulleungensis.
Keywords: Chloroplast capture, island endemic, plastid genomes, quantitative morphology, Ulleungdo
Garth Holman, Peter Del Tredici, Nathan Havill, Nam Sook Lee, Richard Cronn, Kevin Cushman, Sarah Mathews, Linda Raubeson and Christopher S. Campbell. 2017. A New Species and Introgression in Eastern Asian Hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga). Systematic Botany. 42(4); 1-15. DOI: 10.1600/036364417X696474
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
We propose and describePinus vallartensis Pérez de la Rosa & Gernandt as a new species from western Jalisco, Mexico. The pine occurs near the southern limit of the Sierra Occidental at the intersection of the municipalities of Puerto Vallarta, Cabo Corrientes, and Talpa de Allende. Pinus oocarpa occurs within the margins of this forest to the south and P. jaliscana to the west. The more distantly related pine, P. maximinoi, also occurs in the area. Pinus vallartensis is like P. jaliscana and P. oocarpa in possessing leaf resin canals in a septal condition and serotinous seed cones on slender peduncles. It is distinguished mainly by its small seed cones and lax foliage. This discovery highlights the exceptional diversity of pines in Mexico and the state of Jalisco.
FIGURE 1. Pinus vallartensis sp. nov., A, seed cone, B, leaves, C, branch with leaves and pollen cones D, lateral view of cone scale, E, abaxial view of cone scale, F, adaxial view of cone scale, G, seeds with articulate wings.
(Illustration by Gretchen Rodríguez, from J. A. Pérez de la Rosa & D. Gernandt 2134 in MEXU).
Pinus vallartensis Pérez de la Rosa & Gernandt, sp. nov.
Type:—MEXICO. Jalisco: municipio de Puerto Vallarta, 100 m al sur de “Las Juntas” (arroyos Palo María y Chupalodo), elevation 423 m, 17 September 2016, J.A. Pérez de la Rosa & D. Gernandt 2134 (holotype: IBUG!; isotype MEXU!).
Diagnosis:— Similar to Pinus oocarpa and P. jaliscana, differing in its lax leaves and smaller seed cones that range in length from (2.2–)2.5–3(–4.0) cm.
Distribution:— To date, no hard pine (subgenus Pinus) with a more restricted population has been found in the state of Jalisco. The species is almost exclusive to the southern part of the municipality of Puerto Vallarta (Fig. 2). The populations are reached by ascending paths, and have a north-south and east-west exposure. At its southern limit the species enters the municipalities of Cabo Corrientes and Talpa de Allende, ... at elevations of 380–1347 m a.s.l.
Etymology:— The name of this pine is in honor of the municipality of Puerto Vallarta, where the main part of the population of this species is found. It seems to be the only pine that occurs in this municipality.
FIGURE 3. Photographs of three pines from the Oocarpa group with septal resin canals, A, Pinus jaliscana seed cone (J.A. Pérez de la Rosa 1841), B, Pinus oocarpa seed cone (D.S. Gernandt 560), C, Pinus vallartensis seed cone (J.A. Pérez de la Rosa s.n.), D, Pinus jaliscana seed (J.A. Pérez de la Rosa 1841), E, Pinus oocarpa seed (D.S. Gernandt 560), F, Pinus vallartensis seed (J.A. Pérez de la Rosa s.n.). Bar = 1 cm. (Photos by D.S. Gernandt).
Jorge Pérez de la Rosa andDavid S. Gernandt. 2017. Pinus vallartensis (Pinaceae), A New Species from western Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa. 331(2); 233–242. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.331.2.7
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
Zamia paucifoliolata, a new cycad species from the Pacific lowlands of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from other species of Zamia by having an underground stem typically bearing large solitary leaves with eighteen or fewer leaflets, villous strobilar axes, microsporangia borne on both the abaxial and adaxial side of microsporophylls, and seeds that are longer than 18 mm. It is compared to Z. pyrophylla, Z. cunaria, and Z. ipetiensis, species which it most closely resembles.
FIGURE 1. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia paucifoliolata. A. Seedling with eophyll, top and side view. B. Center of petiole showing prickles. C. Adult plant with immature seed strobilus. D. New leaf flush. E. Cataphylls. F. Middle leaflet of adult plant.
FIGURE 2. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia paucifoliolata. A. Microsporophyll, adaxial side. B. Microsporophyll, abaxial side. C. Cross section of pollen strobilus, adaxial side. D. Closeup of pollen strobilus near pollen release stage. E. Pollen strobilus with peduncle near pollen release stage. F. Immature seed strobilus. G. Megasporophyll with immature seeds, adaxial side. H. Megasporophyll with immature seeds, abaxial side. I. Megasporophyll face, immature. J. Megasporophyll face, mature. K. Seed with ripe sarcotesta. L. Seed sclerotesta.
A–I based on collection López-Gallego et al. 68–69 (HUA), J–K based on Castro et al. 1118–1119 (HUA), L based on Castro et al. 1289 (holotype HUA; isotypes COL, CUVC, FMB, JAUM, MEDEL, TOLI).
Zamia paucifoliolata Calonje sp. nov.
Diagnosis:— Zamia paucifoliolata most closely resembles Z. pyrophylla from which it is distinguished by the light green leaf flushes, the leaflets that are broader and less numerous, the fewer and larger mature megasporophylls and seeds, and the lighter colored pollen strobili.
FIGURE 3. Zamia paucifoliolata in its natural habitat at the type locality. A. Middle leaflets collected from plants at different stages of development. B. Juvenile plant. C. Adult plant with seed strobilus, showing yellow clay soils in which the species grows. D. Adult plant in habitat with Jonatan Castro (left) and Michael Calonje (right). E. The largest leaf yet observed for this species, measuring 285 cm long and carrying 18 leaflets.
Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the small numbers of maximum leaflets produced by leaves of this species which are among the least numerous of any species of Zamia. Leaves on adult plants carry between 10 and 18 leaflets (n=135 leaves, mode=10, mean 11.6), and only a few species with broad, prominently-veined leaflets carry the same number or fewer leaflets. Namely, Z. wallisii Braun (1875: 376), with the broadest leaflets in the genus, has leaves with a maximum of 11 leaflets, Z. dressleri Stevenson (1993: 6) carries up to 14 leaflets, and Z. imperialis Taylor et al. (2008: 421) similarly carries a maximum of 18 leaflets. The small number of leaflets carried by leaves of Z.paucifoliolata readily distinguishes it from its putative relatives Z. cunaria, Z. ipetiensis, and Z. pyrophylla, all of which carry a maximum of 32 leaflets.
Ecology:— The known populations of the species appear to be viable, with a larger proportion of juveniles compared to adults, i.e. evidence of reproduction and regeneration. Plants are distributed in highly dense patches on the understory of the forest, on moderately steep slopes and near small streams. Little is known about leaf phenology, frequency or rate of strobilus production or germination time. Mature seed strobili with ripe seeds have been observed in February and May, whereas pollen strobili have only been observed in late August. Immature seed strobili have been observed in June, August, and September. There is no information yet about microrganisms associated to roots or species interactions involved in pollination or seed dispersal, but a good proportion of viable seeds has been observed in female strobili. The typical herbivores associated to Zamia species, Eumaeus Hübner (1819: 67), have not been observed yet either, but there were signs of herbivory by leaf miners. A permanent plot has been established in one of the populations to monitor population dynamics and other ecological aspects of the species.
Michael Calonje, Cristina López-Gallego and Jonatan Castro. 2018. Zamia paucifoliolata, A New Species of Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Phytotaxa. 385(2); 85–93. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.385.2.4
Resumen:Se describe y se ilustra Zamia paucifoliolata, una nueva especie de cícada de las tierras bajas del Pacífico Colombiano del Valle del Cauca. Se distingue de otras especies de Zamia por su tallo subterráneo típicamente cargando hojas solitarias con 18 folíolos o menos, ejes estrobilares vellosos, presencia de microesporangios en el lado abaxial y adaxial de los microesporofilos, y semillas de mas de 18 mm de longitud. Se compara con Z. pyrophylla, Z. cunaria, y Z. ipetiensis, las especies a las que más se asemeja.
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
Species delimitation in Pinaceae is often challenged by limited morphological differentiation and introgression. In Tsuga (hemlocks), species delimitation has been most challenging among northeastern Asian taxa, where the species are weakly marked morphologically and range in number from three to five in previous studies. Two low-copy nuclear four-coumarase-ligase (4CL) genes andmorphology strongly support a clade of the Japanese endemic T. diversifolia and T. sieboldii from Japan and Ulleung island (Ulleungdo) in Korea. This clade is here referred to as the oceanic hemlocks. 4CL strongly supports a sister-group relationship of the widespread northeastern Asian T. chinensis and eastern North American T. caroliniana. In contrast, chloroplast genomes, which are markedly reduced in Tsuga and relatives, strongly support Japanese T. sieboldii as sister to T. chinensis and moderately support T. caroliniana as sister to a clade of T. diversifolia and hemlocks from Ulleungdo. These divergent topologies suggest chloroplast capture of T. chinensis by Japanese T. sieboldii. Ulleungdo hemlocks are distinct from other northeastern Asian species in leaf and cone morphology and phenologically in common-garden observations. We therefore describe these hemlocks as a new species, Tsuga ulleungensis.
Keywords: Chloroplast capture, island endemic, plastid genomes, quantitative morphology, Ulleungdo
Garth Holman, Peter Del Tredici, Nathan Havill, Nam Sook Lee, Richard Cronn, Kevin Cushman, Sarah Mathews, Linda Raubeson and Christopher S. Campbell. 2017. A New Species and Introgression in Eastern Asian Hemlocks (Pinaceae: Tsuga). Systematic Botany. 42(4); 1-15. DOI: 10.1600/036364417X696474
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
