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[Ornithology • 2017] Myzomela irianawidodoae • A Colourful New Species of Myzomela Honeyeater from Rote Island in eastern Indonesia ---ScRaBBlE

Myzomela irianawidodoae Prawiradilaga, Baveja, Suparno, Ashari, Ng, Gwee, Verbelen & Rheindt, 2017  photo:   Philippe Verbelen  e-journ...

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Showing posts with label Synapsida. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Synapsida. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 20, 2019

[Paleontology • 2018] Gordodon kraineri • The Oldest Specialized Tetrapod Herbivore: A New Eupelycosaur from the Permian of New Mexico, USA ---ScRaBBlE


Gordodon kraineri 
Lucas, Rinehart & Celeskey, 2018
  DOI: 10.26879/899 

ABSTRACT
Gordodon kraineri is a new genus and species of edaphosaurid eupelycosaur known from an associated skull, lower jaw and incomplete postcranium found in the early Permian Bursum Formation of Otero County, New Mexico, USA. It has a specialized dental apparatus consisting of large, chisel-like incisors in the front of the jaws separated by a long diastema from relatively short rows of peg-like maxillary and dentary cheek teeth. The dorsal vertebrae of Gordodon have long neural spines that bear numerous, randomly arranged, small, thorn-like tubercles. The tubercles on long neural spines place Gordodon in the Edaphosauridae, and the dental apparatus and distinctive tubercles on the neural spines distinguish it from the other edaphosaurid genera—Edaphosaurus, Glaucosaurus, Lupeosaurus and Ianthasaurus. Gordodon is the oldest known tetrapod herbivore with a dentary diastema, extending the temporal range of that anatomical feature back 95 million years from the Late Triassic. The dental apparatus of Gordodon indicates significantly different modes of ingestion and intraoral transport of vegetable matter than took place in Edaphosaurus and thus represents a marked increase in disparity among edaphosaurids. There were two very early pathways to tetrapod herbivory in edaphosaurid evolution, one toward generalized browsing on high-fiber plant items (Edaphosaurus) and the other (Gordodon) toward more specialized browsing, at least some of it likely on higher nutrient, low fiber plant items. Gordodon shows a surprisingly early specialization of the dental apparatus and indicates how incomplete our knowledge is of edaphosaurid evolution, disparity and diversity.


FIGURE 2. Holotype skull, lower jaw and incomplete postcranium of Gordodon kraineri, NMMNH P-70796, photograph (1) and bone map (2). Scale equals 10 cm.


FIGURE 3. The skull and lower jaw, as preserved, of the holotype of Gordodon kraineri, NMMNH P-70796, in right lateral view, photograph (1) and line drawing (2). 
Anatomical abbreviations are: an = angular; ar = articular; d = dentary; ep = epipterygoid; f = frontal; l = lacrimal; m = maxilla; mtp = mandibular tooth plate; n = nasal; p = parietal; pf = postfrontal; pm = premaxilla; pr = prearticular; prf = prefrontal; pt = pterygoid; q = quadrate; qj = quadratojugal; sa = surangular; sm = septomaxilla; spl = splenial; sq = squamosal; st = supratemporal; t = tabular; v = vomer. Scale equals 1 cm.

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

SYNAPSIDA Osborn, 1903
EUPELYCOSAURIA Kemp, 1982
EDAPHOSAURIDAE Cope, 1882

Gordodon gen. nov.

Etymology. Gordo, Spanish for “fat,” and Greek odon, “tooth,” in reference to the large (“fat”) teeth at the anterior end of the snout of the holotype. Gordo also is a reference to the city of Alamogordo, near the type locality.

Diagnosis. Gordodon is a medium-sized edaphosaur (presacral length ~1 m) distinguished from the other edaphosaurid genera by: an unique dental apparatus consisting of large chisel-like incisors in the premaxilla and dentary (dentary incisors inferred from empty alveolus) separated by a long diastema from a relatively short row of peg-like maxillary and dentary cheek teeth and tooth plates with small (<1 mm) teeth on the interior surface of the mandible; preorbital skull length subequal to postorbital skull length; a relatively short nasal-maxilla suture; cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with relatively gracile centra that are double-keeled ventrally; and cervical and dorsal vertebrae have long neural spines that bear up to 12 small, thorn-like lateral tubercles randomly distributed on each side.


Gordodon kraineri sp. nov.

 Etymology. To honor Karl Krainer for his many contributions to our knowledge of the late Paleozoic geology and paleontology of New Mexico.

Holotype. NMMNH P-70796, incomplete skeleton consisting of the skull, lower jaws, all or parts of 21 vertebrae (five cervical vertebrae, four complete dorsal vertebrae, the neural spines in varying states of completeness of 12 additional dorsal vertebrae), parts of five cervical and five dorsal rib pairs, parts of the right and left clavicles and scapulae and parts of two digits of the manus(?) (Figure 2).

Holotype locality. NMMNH locality 8967, Otero County, New Mexico, USA (Figure 1).

Stratigraphic horizon and age. Lower part of Bursum Formation, early Wolfcampian (early Permian).

....

 Life restoration of Gordodon kraineri.



Spencer G. Lucas, Larry F. Rinehart and Matthew D. Celeskey. 2018. The Oldest Specialized Tetrapod Herbivore: A New Eupelycosaur from the Permian of New Mexico, USA.   Palaeontologia Electronica. 21.3.39A; 1-42.  DOI: 10.26879/899  

Plain Language Abstract: Gordodon kraineri is a new kind of sail-backed reptile based on an incomplete skeleton found in ~300 million year old rocks in southeastern New Mexico. Gordodon belongs to a family of early herbivorous reptiles, the Edaphosauridae, and has a surprisingly specialized skull and dentition. These skeletal specializations indicate it was a selective browser on plants.

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2019] Lisowicia bojani • An Elephant-sized Late Triassic Synapsid with Erect Limbs ---ScRaBBlE


Lisowicia bojani 
Sulej & Niedźwiedzki, 2018


Abstract
Here, we describe the dicynodont Lisowicia bojani, from the Late Triassic of Poland, a gigantic synapsid with seemingly upright subcursorial limbs that reached an estimated length of more than 4.5 meters, height of 2.6 meters, and body mass of 9 tons. Lisowicia is the youngest undisputed dicynodont and the largest nondinosaurian terrestrial tetrapod from the Triassic. The lack of lines of arrested growth and the highly remodeled cortex of its limb bones suggest permanently rapid growth and recalls that of dinosaurs and mammals. The discovery of Lisowicia overturns the established picture of the Triassic megaherbivore radiation as a phenomenon restricted to dinosaurs and shows that stem-group mammals were capable of reaching body sizes that were not attained again in mammalian evolution until the latest Eocene.



Illustration: Julius Csotonyi 



Lisowicia bojani gen. et sp. nov., hind limb elements (femur, fibula, tibia) preserved in situ, upper bone-bearing interval, Lipie Śląskie clay-pit at Lisowice.

Artistic reconstruction of Lisowicia bojani, front view.
Illustration: Karolina Suchan-Okulska

Systematic paleontology
 Synapsida Osborn, 1903 
Therapsida Broom, 1905 
Anomodontia Owen, 1860 
Dicynodontia Owen, 1860 
Placeriinae King, 1988 

Lisowicia gen. nov. 

Type species. Lisowicia bojani sp. nov.

Diagnosis. The dicynodont differs from all other dicynodonts as it possesses the following unique combination of character states, visible in the holotype (ZPAL V.33/96, left humerus): 1) the humerus has a narrower entepicondyle in comparison with other dicynodonts (autapomorphy); 2) the entepicondylar foramen of the humerus is absent (autapomorphy); 3) the supinator process is longer (it is 31% of the total humerus length) than in other dicynodonts. 

Lisowicia bojani sp. nov. 

Etymology. Lisowicia, from the name of the village Lisowice where the bones were found; bojani, in honor of Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus (1776–1827), comparative anatomist and paleontologist.

Age. Late Norian-earliest Rhaetian, Late Triassic.
....




Tomasz Sulej and Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki. 2018. An Elephant-sized Late Triassic Synapsid with Erect Limbs. Science. 363(6422); 78-80.  DOI:  10.1126/science.aal4853

Scientists find remains of huge ancient herbivore phys.org/news/2018-11-scientists-huge-ancient-herbivore.html via @physorg_com

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2018] Gorynychus masyutinae • A New Therocephalian from the Permian Kotelnich Locality, Kirov Region, Russia ---ScRaBBlE


Gorynychus masyutinae
Kammerer​ & Masyutin, 2018


Abstract
A new therocephalian taxon (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) is described based on a nearly complete skull and partial postcranium from the Permian Kotelnich locality of Russia. Gorynychus displays an unusual mixture of primitive (“pristerosaurian”) and derived (eutherocephalian) characters. Primitive features of Gorynychus include extensive dentition on the palatal boss and transverse process of the pterygoid, paired vomers, and a prominent dentary angle; derived features include the absence of the postfrontal. Gorynychus can be distinguished from all other therocephalians by its autapomorphic dental morphology, with roughly denticulated incisors and postcanines. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Gorynychus as a non-lycosuchid, non-scylacosaurid therocephalian situated as sister-taxon to Eutherocephalia. The identification of Gorynychus as the largest predator from Kotelnich indicates that therocephalians acted as apex predators in middle–late Permian transition ecosystems in Russia, corroborating a pattern observed in South African faunas. However, other aspects of the Kotelnich fauna, and Permian Russian tetrapod faunas in general, differ markedly from those of South Africa and suggest that Karoo faunas are not necessarily representative of global patterns.


Figure 1: Holotype of Gorynychus masyutinae. The two blocks (KPM 346 and 347) making up the majority of the holotype shown in articulation. Holotype also includes two incisor teeth (KPM 348 and 349) disarticulated from the skull but found in association (see Figs. 2C and 10D). Scale bar equals 5 cm. Photograph by Christian F. Kammerer.


 Figure 4: Holotype of Gorynychus masyutinae in right lateral view. (A) Photograph and (B) interpretive drawing of skull (KPM 346). Abbreviations: ar, articular; C, upper canine; co, coronoid process of dentary; d, dentary; fr, frontal; i, lower incisor; j, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pmx, premaxilla; prf, prefrontal; PC, upper postcanine; po, postorbital; q-qj, quadrate-quadratojugal complex; rla, reflected lamina of angular; sa, surangular; smx, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; ss, squamosal sulcus. Gray coloration indicates matrix, patterning indicates eroded or broken bone surface. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Photograph and drawing by Christian F. Kammerer.

Systematic Paleontology
Synapsida Osborn, 1903
Therapsida Broom, 1905
Therocephalia Broom, 1903

Gorynychus gen. nov.

Type species: Gorynychus masyutinae sp. nov.

Etymology: Named for the legendary Russian dragon Zmey Gorynych (Змей Горыныч), in reference to the fearsome appearance of this taxon and its status as the largest known predator in the Kotelnich assemblage. Also a play on the English word “gory” (meaning bloody) and the Ancient Greek ὄνῠχος (Latinized “onychus,” meaning claw), in reference to this taxon’s inferred behavior being “red in tooth and claw.”


Gorynychus masyutinae sp. nov.

Holotype: KPM 346–349 (Figs. 1–9), a single individual (skull and cervical vertebrae in articulation, pectoral and rib elements disarticulated but directly associated with skull) broken into four pieces: KPM 346, a nearly complete skull (with damaged intertemporal region, occiput, and left temporal arcade) and lower jaws with the anterior 4 1/2 cervicals in articulation; KPM 347, postcranial elements including remaining half of fifth cervical (precise break, originally articulated with anterior portion) and worn sixth and seventh cervicals, ribs, partial clavicle, and left scapulocoracoid impression; KPM 348, isolated but associated incisor with intact crown; and KPM 349, isolated but associated incisor with damaged crown.


Etymology: Named in honor of Olga Masyutina for her skillful preparation of the holotype of this taxon, as well as numerous other important specimens from the Kotelnich locality.

Diagnosis: Therocephalian distinguished from all other members of the group by its autapomorphic dental morphology: all marginal teeth serrated, with serrations forming distinct denticles that are especially prominent on the incisors and postcanines. Postcanines “spade”-shaped and reduced in number (three in the maxilla) relative to most therocephalians. Further distinguished from the other known Russian basal therocephalian Porosteognathus efremovi by a shorter tooth row on the pterygoid transverse process situated on a more discrete, raised boss and an anterolaterally-curved and expanded pterygoid palatal boss with fewer (8–9) teeth (transversely broad with ∼14 teeth in Porosteognathus).

a therocephalian Gorynychus masyutinae, an apex predator during the mid-Permian, treeing a small herbivore, Suminia getmanovi.
Illustration: Matt Celeskey  

Conclusion: 
Based on a nearly-complete skull and partial skeleton and two additional, fragmentary specimens, a new therocephalian taxon, Gorynychus masyutinae, is described from the (probably) earliest late Permian Kotelnich locality of Russia. Gorynychus is the largest known predatory tetrapod in the Kotelnich assemblage, and demonstrates that therocephalians acted as top predators in Russian as well as South African assemblages during the transition between typical middle and late Permian terrestrial communities. Although falling outside of Eutherocephalia, Gorynychus is more closely related to eutherocephalians than to the large-bodied therocephalian predators of southern Africa (and possibly earlier Permian assemblages in Russia, if Porosteognathus from the middle Permian Isheevo fauna truly is a scylacosaurid). The Kotelnich therocephalian fauna shows greater diversity of eutherocephalians than probable coeval faunas in South Africa, and suggests that initial diversification in this clade probably was not occurring in the Karoo Basin.


Christian F. Kammerer​ and Vladimir Masyutin. 2018. A New Therocephalian (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) from the Permian Kotelnich Locality, Kirov Region, Russia. PeerJ. 6:e4933. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4933


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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2018] Ascendonanus nestleri • First Arboreal 'Pelycosaurs' (Synapsida: Varanopidae) from the early Permian Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstätte, SE Germany, with A Review of Varanopid Phylogeny ---ScRaBBlE


 Ascendonanus nestleri 
Spindler, Werneburg, Schneider, Luthardt, Annacker & Rößler, 2018

   DOI: 10.1007/s12542-018-0405-9 
  Artwork by F. Spindler

Abstract
A new fossil amniote from the Fossil Forest of Chemnitz (Sakmarian-Artinskian transition, Germany) is described as Ascendonanus nestleri gen. et sp. nov., based on five articulated skeletons with integumentary preservation. The slender animals exhibit a generalistic, lizard-like morphology. However, their synapsid temporal fenestration, ventrally ridged centra and enlarged iliac blades indicate a pelycosaur-grade affiliation. Using a renewed data set for certain early amniotes with a similar typology found Ascendonanus to be a basal varanopid synapsid. This is the first evidence of a varanopid from Saxony and the third from Central Europe, as well as the smallest varanopid at all. Its greatly elongated trunk, enlarged autopodia and strongly curved unguals, along with taphonomical observations, imply an arboreal lifestyle in a dense forest habitat until the whole ecosystem was buried under volcanic deposits. Ascendonanus greatly increases the knowledge on rare basal varanopids; it also reveals a so far unexpected ecotype of early synapsids. Its integumentary structures present the first detailed and soft tissue skin preservation of any Paleozoic synapsid. Further systematic results suggest a varanodontine position for Mycterosaurus, the monophyly of South African varanopids including Anningia and the distinction of a skeletal aggregation previously assigned to Heleosaurus, now renamed as Microvaranops parentis gen. et sp. nov.

Keywords: Arboreality, Synapsid phylogeny, Adaptation, Cisuralian, Soft tissue preservation, Volcanic taphonomy


Fig. 14 Counterslabs of MNC-TA1045 of Ascendonanus nestleri gen. et sp. nov.
Scale bar measures 2 cm

 


Systematic Paleontology
(unranked) Synapsida Osborn, 1903

Family Varanopidae Romer and Price, 1940

Remarks. Spelling after Reisz and Dilkes 2003, 
replacing ‘Varanopsidae’ (Romer and Price 1940) and 
‘Varanopseidae’ (Langston and Reisz 1981).


Ascendonanus nestleri gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 34: Life reconstruction of a new varanopid synapsid, Ascendonanus nestleri, from the Permian petrified forest of Chemnitz, Germany. Body proportions, integument and arboreality were concluded from five specimens.  
Artwork by F. Spindler 

Etymology. Latin for 'climbing dwarf,' with epithet honoring Mr. Knut Nestler, citizen scientist from Chemnitz, who passed away in 2016 after decades of friendship and deeply appreciated cooperation with the Chemnitz Museum.


Frederik Spindler, Ralf Werneburg, Joerg W. Schneider, Ludwig Luthardt, Volker Annacker and Ronny Rößler. 2018. First Arboreal 'Pelycosaurs' (Synapsida: Varanopidae) from the early Permian Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstätte, SE Germany, with A Review of Varanopid Phylogeny. PalZ.  DOI: 10.1007/s12542-018-0405-9

Vortrag: Saurier unter Chemnitz – neue Erkenntnisse aus dem Versteinerten Wald

  


Abstract: The palaeontological collection of Chemnitz has been a constantly growing, developing and limitless source of knowledge on the relation of earth’s history and the development of life on earth, for over three centuries. Initially founded by science interested citizens on a voluntary basis, only with the premise to enable public access to collections and scientific information, it has developed and has been structuralized based on professional geoscientific considerations. Today, the collection is preserved, added to through selected purchases, diversely used and it serves as a foundation for globally linked up scientific research, as well as for interdisciplinary exhibitions and diverse educational programs and activities. The essence of the collection documents the evolution and preservation of terrestrial ecosystems with a special emphasis on volcanic environments and petrified wood.

Ronny Rößler and Thorid Zierold. 2017. Die paläontologische Sammlung des Museums für Naturkunde Chemnitz – eine Zeitreise zu den Wurzeln der Paläobotanik. Veröff. Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz. 40; 5-30.

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

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