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[Ornithology • 2017] Myzomela irianawidodoae • A Colourful New Species of Myzomela Honeyeater from Rote Island in eastern Indonesia ---ScRaBBlE

Myzomela irianawidodoae Prawiradilaga, Baveja, Suparno, Ashari, Ng, Gwee, Verbelen & Rheindt, 2017  photo:   Philippe Verbelen  e-journ...

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Showing posts with label Afromontane. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Afromontane. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 20, 2019

[Botany • 2017] Kalanchoe hypseloleuce • A New Species (Crassulaceae) from eastern Ethiopia ---ScRaBBlE


Kalanchoe hypseloleuce  Friis & M. G. Gilbert


Summary
A new species of Kalanchoe, Kalanchoe hypseloleuce Friis & M. G. Gilbert, was found during field work in Ethiopia in 2015, and is established here. It is characterised by its tall stature (2 – 3 m), entire, sessile, lanceolate leaves and pure white flowers with abaxially minutely papillose corolla lobes (otherwise, the plant is glabrous). It is not obviously related to any previously known species, but an earlier, incomplete specimen has been cited as K. prittwitzii Engl. in the literature. K. hypseloleuce was collected on limestone in Acacia-Commiphora woodland and bushland at c. 1400 m a.s.l. It occurs in the southern part of the eastern Ethiopian escarpment in the Arsi and Eastern Harerghe zones of the Oromo Regional State. K. hypseloleuce is documented with images and maps, its climate envelope has been modelled, and a conservation assessment made. With the current level of threat, this could be Vulnerable to Near Threatened (VU-NT). Given the threat from habitat degradation is not imminent, we recommend the species to be listed as Near Threatened (NT).

Key Words: Acacia-Commiphora bushland, Afromontane forest, conservation, limestone, monocarpic, taxonomy, transitional semi-evergreen bushland 


Fig. 1.  Kalanchoe hypseloleuce
flowering specimens in E Arsi zone, Ethiopia; in the background fruiting Acacia senegal and flowering and fruiting Grewia schweinfurthii; in the foreground flowering Rhus natalensisdetail of inflorescence. 
PHOTOS: IB FRIIS 

Kalanchoe hypseloleuce Friis & M. G. Gilbert, sp. nov.

ETYMOLOGY. Our new epithet, hypseloleuce, is a compound of two Greek adjectives. The first, ψηλός, ή, όν, ‘high, lofty, (metaphorically) stately’, refers to the impressive height of the plant, it being one of the tallest known species of Kalanchoe in Africa. The second, λευκός, -ή, -όν, ‘light, bright, (of colour) white’, refers to the pure white flowers. The connecting vowel –o– is in agreement with Rec. 60G(a2) of the Code (McNeill et al. 2012). The generic name, Kalanchoe Adans. (Adanson 1763: 248), is said to be an adaptation of a Chinese name for a species in the genus (Harvey 1862) or derived from a Hindi word ‘kalanka’, meaning ‘rust’ or ‘spot’ (Quattrocchi 2000). In botanical literature, Kalanchoe is treated as feminine and, in agreement with Art, 23.5 of the Code, the feminine form of the terminal adjective is used. 


Ib Friis, Michael G. Gilbert, Paulo van Breugel, Odile Weber and Sebsebe Demissew. 2017. Kalanchoe hypseloleuce (Crassulaceae), A New Species from eastern Ethiopia, with Notes on its Habitat. Kew Bulletin. 72:30.  DOI:  10.1007/s12225-017-9704-7


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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
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رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Botany • 2018] Casearia austroafricana (Samydoideae, Salicaceae) • A New Species of Casearia from South Africa ---ScRaBBlE


Casearia austroafricana A.E.van Wyk, R.G.C.Boon & Retief

in van Wyk, Boon & Retief, 2018. 
Photographs: R.G.C. Boon. 

Abstract
Casearia austroafricana, a new species from South Africa, is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared with the two other currently accepted southern African members of the genus, namely C. gladiiformis and C. battiscombei. The new species belongs to Casearia sect. Casearia, and is confined to the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. Known for over 100 years by botanists, material of this species has initially been assigned to C. junodii, but from about the 1960s to C. gladiiformis, for which the former is considered a synonym. Casearia austroafricana is readily distinguished by being a tall (up to ca. 30 m) subcanopy or canopy tree associated with temperate or subtropical forest, and in having twigs of young growth usually markedly zigzag, leaves of mature growth with blade relatively thin, principal lateral veins usually 8–10 pairs, margin distinctly serrate-crenate, flowers with the ovary glabrous, and capsules with relatively few seeds (3 or 4). A conservation assessment of “Least Concern” is recommended for this species based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Ecological associates are mentioned, including epiphytic ferns, orchids, birds attracted by the arillate seeds, and Lepidoptera (moths) for which it serves as host-plant.

Keywords: Afromontane Forest, Casearia sect. Casearia, Eastern Cape, epiphytes, KwaZulu-Natal, Lepidoptera, Maputaland Centre of Endemism, Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot, Pondoland Centre of Endemism, Samydaceae, Scarp Forest, taxonomy, trees, Eudicots


FIGURE 2. Casearia austroafricana.
 A. Flowering branchlet. B. Flower. C. Flower; one sepal and half the staminal tube removed. D. Part of staminal tube opened out. E. Fruit. F. Dehisced fruit; seeds all shed. G. Seeds, both from same capsule and each covered by an aril.

Scale bar = 10 mm (A, E & F), or 1 mm (B–D & G). A–D from Luckhoff s.n., sub NH 32946, E & G from Miller 5824 and F from Miller 652. Artist: Daleen Roodt.

FIGURE 1. Casearia austroafricana.
A. Fruiting branchlet placed horizontally; to view original hanging orientation, turn plate 90º clockwise. B. Flowers. C. Ripe and dehisced fruit.
Photographs: R.G.C. Boon. 

Casearia austroafricana A.E.van Wyk, R.G.C.Boon & Retief, sp. nov. 
 Casearia austroafricana resembles C. gladiiformis, but is easily distinguished from this species by, amongst others, growing under temperate or subtropical conditions, always in or near forest (vs. tropical, and in either open woodland, thicket or forest), with the trees becoming taller (>20 m vs. <10 m), in having young twigs usually markedly zigzag (vs. straight or weakly zigzag), leaves of mature growth with blade relatively thin (firmly chartaceous vs. coriaceous), margin glandular-serrate (vs. entire), ovary glabrous (vs. hirsute, at least towards the apex), and fewer seeds per capsule (3 or 4 vs. ca. 10)
....

Etymology:—The specific epithet is the Latin for “South Africa”, chosen because the new species is the only member of Casearia endemic to the country.

Common names:— Existing names include swordleaf, southern swordleaf, suidelike bosswaardblaar (Afrikaans), smozob (Zulu?; from Henkel s.n.) and qokama (Xhosa; from Acocks 12820).


Abraham E. van Wyk, Richard G.C. Boon and Elizabeth Retief. 2018. A New Species of Casearia (Samydoideae, Salicaceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa. 383(3); 273–282. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.383.3.4


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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Botany • 2019] Kniphofia vandeweghei (Asphodelaceae) • A New Species of Kniphofia from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda ---ScRaBBlE


Kniphofia vandeweghei

in Fischer & Ackermann, 2019. 

Abstract
A new species, Kniphofia vandeweghei, is described and illustrated, and the differences with KprinceaeK. goetzei and K. paludosa are discussed. Distribution maps for Kvandeweghei and Kprinceae are provided. Kniphofia bequaertii, sometimes regarded as a synonym of Kgrantii, is considered to be a good species, and identification characters and distribution information are given. An identification key for all known Kniphofia species from Rwanda is provided.

Keywords: Afromontane swamps, D.R. Congo, endemic, sunbird pollination, Monocots


Kniphofia vandeweghei


 Eberhard Fischer and Markus Ackermann. 2019. A New Species of Kniphofia (Asphodelaceae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Phytotaxa. 391(1); 39–56.  DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.391.1.3

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Mammalogy • 2018] Ethiopian Highlands as A Cradle of the African Fossorial Root-rats (Genus Tachyoryctes), the Genetic Evidence ---ScRaBBlE




Šumbera, Krásová, Lavrenchenko, et al., 2018.

 Highlights
• Six major genetic clades do not correspond to the expected two or 13 root-rat species.
• Ethiopian, and not Kenyan, highlands are the cradle of the genus diversity.
• Root-rat history was shaped by climatic oscillations and complex geomorphology.
• The giant root-rat is an internal lineage of the genus modified for life in the Afroalpine.
• Root-rats and mole-rats represent different specialisations for the subterranean niche.

Abstract
Root-rats of the genus Tachyoryctes (Spalacidae) are subterranean herbivores occupying open humid habitats in the highlands of Eastern Africa. There is strong disagreement about species diversity of the genus, because some authors accept two species, while others more than ten. Species with relatively high surface activity, the giant root-rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, which is by far largest member of the genus, and the more fossorial African root-rat Tachyoryctes splendens, which eventually has been divided up to 12-13 species, represent two major morphological forms within the genus. In our study, we carried out a multilocus analysis of root-rats’ genetic diversity based on samples from 41 localities representing most of Tachyoryctes geographic distribution. Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, we found six main genetic clades possibly representing separate species. These clades were organised into three basal groups whose branching is not well resolved, probably due to fast radiation in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Climatic changes in that time, i.e. fast and repeated changes between extremely dry and humid conditions, which both limited root-rat dispersal, probably stimulated their initial genetic diversification. Contrary to expectation based on the largest root-rat diversity in Kenya (up to eight species by some authors), we found the highest diversity in the Ethiopian highlands, because all but one putative species occur there. All individuals outside of Ethiopia belong to a single recently diverged and expanded clade. This species should bear the name T. annectens (Thomas, 1891), and all other names of taxa described from outside of Ethiopia should be considered its junior synonyms. However, to solve taxonomic issues, future detailed morphological analyses should be conducted on all main clades together with genetic analysis of material from areas of their supposed contact. One of the most interesting findings of the study is the internal position of T. macrocephalus in T. splendens sensu lato. This demonstrates the intriguing phenomenon of accelerated morphological evolution of rodents occupying the Afroalpine zone in Ethiopia. Finally, we discuss how the distribution of Tachyoryctes is influenced by competition with another group of subterranean herbivores on the continent, the African mole-rats. We assume that both groups do not compete directly as previously expected, but specialisation to different subterranean niches is the main factor responsible for their spatial segregation.

Keywords: Tachyoryctes; fossorial rodent; Eastern Africa; Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes; Great Rift Valley; multi-species coalescent





 Conclusion: 

Contrary to the expectation that root-rats have their highest species diversity in the Kenyan highlands, our results convincingly demonstrated that the Ethiopian mountains are the centre of genus diversity and the cradle of the whole group. The evolution of extant root-rats took place in the Pleistocene and was affected mainly by the interplay between climate changes and the complex geomorphology, with the presence of high mountain massifs, in Ethiopia. Root-rat genetic structure in Ethiopia suggests several cryptic species that should be explored in future taxonomic work, because it is clear that current taxonomy does not reflect the evolutionary history of the genus at all. Probably all taxa described from outside Ethiopia are descendants of a single relatively recent “out-of-Ethiopia” dispersal event and should be considered as conspecific. The fact that the largest and morphologically most deviating species, T. macrocephalus, is not a sister but an internal lineage of “splendens” is further evidence of a fast morphological evolution in response to strong selection in the Afroalpine environment in Ethiopia. We may expect that more thorough genetic surveys of unique Afroalpine taxa will reveal more such findings not only in mammals, but also in other groups of vertebrates. Finally, ecological, behavioural and physiological studies could reveal how the distribution of root-rats is influenced by competition with the African mole-rats, another group of African rodents with subterranean habits.


Radim Šumbera, Jarmila Krásová, Leonid A. Lavrenchenko, Sewnet Mengistu, Afework Bekele, Ondřej Mikula and Josef Bryja. 2018. Ethiopian Highlands as A Cradle of the African Fossorial Root-rats (Genus Tachyoryctes), the Genetic Evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press.   DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.003

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

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