To elucidate the taxonomy of the Lecanorchis nigricans Honda, 1931 species complex, the present study investigated the detailed morphology of three L. nigricans varieties in Japan. While L.nigricans var. patipetala Y.Sawa, 1980 and L. nigricans var. yakusimensis T.Hashim., 1990 have often been treated as synonyms of L. nigricans var. nigricans, the present study demonstrates that the three varieties are morphologically distinct. More specifically, L. nigricans var. nigricans only produces complete cleistogamous flowers and is distinct from the plants currently called “L. nigricans”, which are identical to the chasmogamous variety L. nigricans var. patipetala. The other chasmogamous variety L. nigricans var. yakusimensis can be easily distinguished from L. nigricans var. patipetala by its more spatulate tepals and higher cucullate lip. Therefore, the present study provides emended description of the three L. nigricans varieties based on type specimens and specimens collected from type localities. In addition, the isotype specimen of L. nigricans var. patipetala is designated as the lectotype because the holotype has been lost.
Keywords: Japan, Lecanorchis nigricans var. yakusimensis, Lecanorchis nigricans var. patipetala, Lecanorchis taiwaniana, lectotypification, mycoheterotrophy, taxonomy
A Flowering plant and B cleistogamous flowers ofLecanorchis nigricans var. nigricansin Oka, Kamitonda, Wakayama, Japan (its type locality). Photographed by Hirokazu Fukunaga
C Flowering plant and D a flower of Lecanorchis nigricans var. patipetala in Haruno, Kochi, Japan. E Flowering plant and F a flower of Lecanorchis nigricans var. yakusimensiscollected in Hanaage River, Yakushima, Japan (its type locality).
Photographed by Hiroaki Yamashita.
Figure 1. Photographs of three varieties of Lecanorchis nigricans in their natural habitats. A Flowering plant and B cleistogamous flowers ofLecanorchis nigricans var. nigricansin Oka, Kamitonda, Wakayama, Japan (its type locality). Photographed by Hirokazu Fukunaga C Flowering plant and D a flower of Lecanorchis nigricans var. patipetala in Haruno, Kochi, Japan. Photographed by Hisanori Takeuchi E Flowering plant and F a flower of Lecanorchis nigricans var. yakusimensiscollected in Hanaage River, Yakushima, Japan (its type locality). Photographed by Hiroaki Yamashita.
Kenji Suetsugu, Chie Shimaoka, Hirokazu Fukunaga and Shinichiro Sawa. 2018. The Taxonomic Identity of Three Varieties of Lecanorchis nigricans (Vanilleae, Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae) in Japan. PhytoKeys. 92: 17-35. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.92.21657
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شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
The genus Thismia Griffith (1844: 221) of the tribe Thismieae, Burmanniaceae sensu APG IV (2016) or Thismiaceae of other authors, represents one of the most species-rich mycoheterotrophic genera and consists of more than 60 species (Jonker 1948, Merckx 2008). Considering that the majority of these species were collected only once (Jonker 1948), and that many new species have recently been discovered, especially from various Southeast Asian countries (e.g., Tsukaya & Okada 2012, Dančák et al. 2013, Nuraliev et al. 2014, 2015, Truong et al. 2014, Chantanaorrapint & Sridith 2015, Li & Bi 2013, Hroneš et al. 2015, Tsukaya et al. 2017, Suetsugu et al. 2017), many more undescribed species are probably still hidden in the tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia.
Here, we describe a new species,ThismiabokorensisSuetsugu & Tsukaya, discovered during a botanical survey in Bokor National Park, Cambodia, in 2013. This is the first record of the genus Thismia for Cambodia. The newly discovered specimen apparently belongs to the section Thismia (formerly Euthismia Schltr.) subsect. Brunonithismia Jonker (1938: 242), in having free and spreading inner perianths, larger inner perianth lobes, and vermiform, creeping roots. After a careful examination, the unknown plant was found to have a significantly different floral morphology from all the other known species.
FIGURE 1. Thismiabokorensisfrom the type locality. A–B. Flowers. C. Flowering plant.
Thismia bokorensis Suetsugu & Tsukaya, sp. nov.
Type:—CAMBODIA. Kampot Province: Bokor National Park, evergreen forest near a stream, ... elev. 370 m, 10 Aug. 2013, Tagane, Fuse, Yokota, Zhang & Chhang 5857 (holotype: TNS, in the spirit collection).
Thismia bokorensis is similar to Thismia tentaculata Larsen & Averyanov (2007: 16) of Vietnam and Hong Kong in having the lateral appendage of the connective that does not exceed the apical part of the connective, three-toothed apical margin of the connective, and the shorter light yellow tentacles in inner perianth lobes.
Habitat and ecology:— Only one individual was found in the evergreen forest, near a stream, at an elevation of 370 m. The forest was dominated by Scaphiumaffine (Malvaceae), Diospyrosschmidtii (Ebenaceae), Ardisiasanguinolenta (Primulaceae), Epiprinussiletianus (Euphorbiaceae), Mallotussubpeltatus (Euphorbiaceae), Knemalenta (Myristaceae), Syzygiumsiamense (Myrtaceae), and Prismatomeristetrandra (Rubiaceae). The roots of the specimen above were tangled to an old seed of Ixonanthusreticulata (Ixonanthaceae). The flowering specimen was collected in August.
Kenji Suetsugu, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Shuichiro Tagane, Phourin Chhang, Tomohisa Yukawa and Tetsukazu Yahara. 2018. Flora of Bokor National Park VII: Thismiabokorensis (Burmanniaceae), A New Species Representing A New Generic Record. Phytotaxa. 334(1); 65–69. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.10
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شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
With more than 60 currently accepted species, Thismia Griffith (1844: 221) is the largest genus of the tribe Thismieae of Dioscoreaceae (sensu APG 2016, or Thismiaceae of other authors). The genus is widely distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions with a concentration of species in Southeast Asia (ca. 30 species) including the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Thailand and Vietnam. In last decade, many new taxa have been described from Southeast Asia (e.g. Larsen & Averyanov 2007, Chantanaorrapint 2008 2012, Tsukaya & Okada 2012, Dančák et al. 2013, Nuraliev et al. 2014 2015, Truong et al. 2014, Tsukaya et al. 2014, Chantanaorrapint & Sridith 2015, Hroneš et al. 2015, Chantanaorrapint et al. 2016, Sochor et al. 2017). Members of the genus are small mycoheterotrophic herbs with a highly reduced habit and usually grow among leaf litter in shady wet forests.
Keywords: Doi Hua Mot; Umphang; mycoheterotrophic; taxonomy; Thailand; Thismia; Monocots
Sahut Chantanaorrapint and Somran Suddee. 2018. Thismia thaithongiana (Dioscoreaceae: Thismieae), A New Species of Mycoheterotroph from An Unusual Habitat. Phytotaxa. 333(2); 287–292. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.2.14
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
We describe Carex socotrana Rěpka & Maděra, a new endemic species found in the Hajhir Mountains on Socotra Island. It differs from the morphologically similar African continental species C. steudneri Boeckeler in having a shorter stem, smaller leaf length and width, completely smooth leaf blades and margins, and pistillate scales without a whitish membranous margin and with distinctive awns at the apex. The spike clusters are smaller and more scattered on the stem, and the perigynium and its beak are smaller than in C. steudneri. So far only one small and one large population have been found near the highest mountain peak, Mount Scand. The new taxon is 1370 km from the closest known site of C. steudneri.
Keywords: Carex, Cyperaceae, IUCN, Socotra
Radomír Řepka, Petr Maděra, Martin Čermák and Alan Forrest. 2017. Carex socotrana, A New Endemic Species from Socotra Island. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. 25(4); 467–472. DOI: 10.3417/D-16-00004
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
Madagascar is a major centre of diversity for the leaf-succulent genus Aloe Linnaeus (1753: 319) accounting for roughly a third of Aloe species (Carter et al. 2011). Approximately 128 species and 161 taxa are known from the region and all are restricted to Madagascar (Rakotoarisoa et al. 2014) and/or the nearby Mascarene archipelago. New taxa are described from these islands at a rate that rivals the ongoing discovery of aloes elsewhere in their natural range, on the African continent or Arabian Peninsula (Crouch et al. 2013). Extinction risks are alarmingly high among species of Aloe in this region. Conservatively, 39% of species are known to be threatened, and this figure is likely to be significantly higher (Rakotoarisoa et al. 2014), since several species have not been observed or collected for many decades. The Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre (KMCC) aims to record and collect the rare and threatened flora of Madagascar to ensure its conservation, and the genus Aloe is a priority for the dryland programme.
Keywords: Aloe, new species, Xanthorrhoeaceae, Madagascar, Monocots
Solofo E. Rakotoarisoa and Olwen M. Grace. 2017. Aloe belitsakensis (Asphodelaceae): A New Species from north-western Madagascar. Phytotaxa. 328(3); 276–282. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.328.3.6
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
In 2015, during a floristic expedition in northeastern India, a population of an unusual Zingiber Miller (1754: 525) was found near Durga Mandir, between Bomdilla and Balukpong, in West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh. At a first glance the species clearly belongs to section Cryptanthium Horaninow (1862: 27) in having a procumbent peduncle. Detailed studies revealed that it does not match any of the known species of Indian Zingiber, hence it is described here as new. Plants of this population are morphologically similar to Z. bipinianum Roy et al. (2015: 298) and Z. mizoramensis Kumar et al. (2015: 81), but detailed studies of the types and protologues confirm the novelty of this species. We also consulted relevant literature discussing Indian Zingiberaceae, which further confirms that this is a new species (e.g. Bai et al. 2015, Baker 1892, Leong-Škorničková et al. 2015, Kishor & Leong-Škorničková 2013, Kumar et al. 2013, 2015, Mood & Theilade 2002, Roscoe 1828, Sabu 2003, 2006, Sabu et al. 2009, 2013b, Talukdar et al. 2015, Thongam & Konsam 2014, Thongam et al. 2013, Triboun et al. 2014, Tripathi & Singh 2006, Wu & Larsen 2000).
Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, India, new species, Zingiber, Zingiberales, Monocots
Alfred Joe, Thachat Jayakrishnan, Vadakkoot Sankaran Hareesh and Mamiyil Sabu. 2017. Zingiber arunachalensis (Zingiberaceae): A New Species from northeastern India. Phytotaxa. 309(1); 95–98.
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
Nephelaphyllum is a relatively small genus, containing only 11 species distributed from China through Indochina to Thailand and from Peninsular Malaysia eastwards through Indonesia to the Philippines (Chan et al. 1994). The species are easily recognised, even when not in flower, by their characteristic light green or yellowish leaves and dark green venation and blotches (Comber 1990). All species grow in deep, well-drained humus in dark conditions on the forest floor, especially in areas without severe dry seasons (Comber 1990).
Kenji Suetsugu, Monica Suleiman and Hirokazu Tsukaya. 2018. Nephelaphyllum maliauensis (Orchidaceae; Collabiinae), A New Species from the Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo, with A Discussion of the Taxonomic Identities of N. pulchrum, N. latilabre and N. flabellatum. Phytotaxa. 336(1); 89–94. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.336.1.7
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
Abstract Extinction is the complete loss of a species, but the accuracy of that status depends on the overall information about the species. Dracaena umbraculifera was described in 1797 from a cultivated plant attributed to Mauritius, but repeated surveys failed to relocate it and it was categorized as Extinct on the IUCN Red List. However, several individuals labelled as D. umbraculifera grow in botanical gardens, suggesting that the species’ IUCN status may be inaccurate. The goal of this study was to understand (1) where D. umbraculifera originated, (2) which species are its close relatives, (3) whether it is extinct, and (4) the identity of the botanical garden accessions and whether they have conservation value. We sequenced a cpDNA region of Dracaena from Mauritius, botanical garden accessions labelled as D. umbraculifera, and individuals confirmed to be D. umbraculifera based on morphology, one of which is a living plant in a private garden. We included GenBank accessions of Dracaena from Madagascar and other locations and reconstructed the phylogeny using Bayesian and parsimony approaches. Phylogenies indicated that D. umbraculifera is more closely related to Dracaena reflexa from Madagascar than to Mauritian Dracaena. As anecdotal information indicated that the living D. umbraculifera originated from Madagascar, we conducted field expeditions there and located five wild populations; the species’ IUCN status should therefore be Critically Endangered because < 50 wild individuals remain. Although the identity of many botanical garden samples remains unresolved, this study highlights the importance of living collections for facilitating new discoveries and the importance of documenting and conserving the flora of Madagascar.
The original illustration of Dracaena umbraculifera from Jacquin (1797)
Dracaena umbraculifera in Ile Sainte-Marie in full flower
photograph by A. Lehavana
Christine E. Edwards, Burgund Bassüner, Chris Birkinshaw, Christian Camara, Adolphe Lehavana, Porter P. Lowry, James S. Miller, Andrew Wyatt and Peter Wyse Jackson. 2018. A Botanical Mystery solved by Phylogenetic Analysis of Botanical Garden Collections: the Rediscovery of the Presumed-Extinct Dracaena umbraculifera. Oryx. DOI: 10.1017/S0030605317001570 ResearchGate.net/publication/322314426_rediscovery_of_Dracaena_umbraculifera
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
A new circumscription and a total of six microendemic species, four of them new to science, are herein presented for Siderasis, based on field and herbaria studies, and cultivated material. We provide an identification key to the species and a distribution map, description, comments, conservation assessment, and illustration for each species. Also, we present an emended key to the genera of subtribe Dichorisandrinae, and comments on the morphology and systematics of the subtribe.
Figure 1. Floral morphology of subtribe Dichorisandrinae s.l.
A–C Siderasis Raf. emend M.Pell. & Faden: A S. fuscata (Lodd.) H.E.Moore B S. albofasciata M.Pell. C S. zorzanellii M.Pell. & Faden.
D–L Dichorisandra J.C.Mikan: D D. acaulis Cogn. E D. hexandra (Aubl.) C.B.Clarke F D. thyrsiflora J.C.Mikan G D. paranaënsis D.Maia et al. H D. nana Aona & M.C.E.Amaral I D. incurva Mart. JD. penduliflora Kunth KD. sagittata Aona & M.C.E.Amaral LD. radicalis Nees & Mart.
M Cochliostema odoratissimum Lem. N Geogenanthus rhizanthus (Ule) G.Brückn. O Plowmanianthus panamensis Faden & C.R.Hardy.
Photographs A–B, D–G, J by M.O.O. Pellegrini, C by J.P.F. Zorzanelli, H by V. Bittrich, I by G.H. Shimizu, K by J.L. Costa-Lima, L by M.A.N. Coelho, M by R. Moran, N by D. Scherberich, and O by C.R. Hardy.
Pyrrheima Hassk., Flora 52: 366. 1869, nom. illeg. Type species (designated here). P. loddigesii Hassk., nom. illeg. [≡ S. fuscata (Lodd.) H.E.Moore].
Type species: Siderasis acaulis Raf. [≡ S. fuscata (Lodd.) H.E.Moore].
Etymology: Siderasis was named in allusion to the peculiar red to bright-red hairs that cover almost the entire plant, but especially the leaves. However, only S. fuscata possesses the aforementioned hairs, and all of the remaining species possess leaf blades covered by hyaline to light brown, rarely rusty hairs.
Habitat, distribution and ecology: Siderasis is endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain in coastal Brazil, occurring in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 2). More specifically, Siderasis is restricted to the Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest, growing in remnants of semideciduous forests associated with inselbergs, between 90–1350 m above sea level. The genus is composed exclusively by microendemic species distributed in very small and fragmented subpopulations, susceptible to deforestation and illegal collection of specimens for ornamental purposes.
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1. Siderasis albofasciata M.Pell., Nordic J. Bot. 35(1): 30. 2017.
Etymology: The epithet means “white-striped”, making reference to the thin and always present, white to silver stripe along the midvein of this species’ leaves.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis albofasciata is known exclusively from the municipalities of Santa Teresa and Fundão, state of Espírito Santo (Fig. 2). It occurs in the understory of evergreen forests, in shady areas with shallow and rocky soil, with great leaf-litter accumulation.
Figure 7. Siderasis almeidaeM.Pell. & Faden. A habit, showing a fertile rosette B detail of the elongated aerial stem, showing the rusty internodes and leaf-sheaths C detail of the lanate indumentum on the abaxial side of the leaf blade D detail of the hispid indumentum on the adaxial side of the leaf blade E detail of the inflorescence, showing the contracted cincinnus and some floral buds F front view of a flower, showing the fleshy and internally purple sepals, and the lanate ovary. Photographs A, F by M.A.N. Coelho, remaining photographs by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
2. Siderasis almeidae M.Pell. & Faden, sp. nov.
Diagnosis: Similar to S. fuscata due to its rusty indumentum in the leaves, lilac to purple rhomboid petals and white anthers. Also, similar to S. albofasciata due to its sessile to subpetiolate leaves, blades adaxially hispid and abaxially lanate, present bracteoles, and purple filaments and style. Nevertheless, Siderasis almeidae is peculiar in lacking terminal tubers in the roots, subterraneous stems, and having aerial stems elongate and trailing in the leaf litter, leaves entirely green, fleshy showy sepals, and a densely lanate ovary.
Etymology: The epithet honors Brazilian botanist Rafael Felipe de Almeida, a prominent specialist in Malpighiaceae, contributor in the studies of Commelinaceae, husband of the first author, and co-collector of the holotype, for his unmeasurable support in the field and in my research.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis almeidae is confined to the municipalities of Itamarajú and Prado, Bahia (Fig. 2). It occurs in the “mata higrófila” vegetation with emerging rocky formations, in shady and moist areas. In the type locality, the subpopulations were found growing in great accumulations of leaf litter, among dense clusters of Marantaceae. The area is greatly disturbed, and within private property.
Etymology: The epithet “fuscata” means dark-colored, in allusion to the red to bright red hairs that cover almost the entire plant, in opposition to the normally hyaline hairs in most Commelinaceae.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis fuscata is endemic to the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro (with several localities inside Floresta da Tijuca) and Niterói (with just one locality, Alto Mourão), in the Rio de Janeiro state (Fig. 2). It occurs in the vegetation on hillsides (mata de encosta) near the littoral, in shady areas with shallow and rocky soil.
Figure 9. Siderasis medusoidesM.Pell. & Faden. A habit, showing a fertile rosette B detail of the synflorescence, showing the elongated and tangled cincinni C front view of a flower, showing small ants near the flower center D detail of the capsule. Photographs by P. Fiaschi.
4. Siderasis medusoides M.Pell. & Faden, sp. nov.
Diagnosis:Similar to S. almeidae due to its sessile to subpetiolate, entirely green leaves, present bracteoles, sessile flowers, purple filaments and style combined with white anthers, and oblongoid to broadly oblongoid capsules. Siderasis medusoides is distinct due to its membranous leaves, elongate and tangled cincinni, small flowers, and purple to dark blue and elliptic to narrowly obovate or spatulate petals.
Etymology: The epithet alludes to the extremely elongated cincinni, common in mature individuals of this species, due to their resemblance to the snakes that composed the hair of Medusa, one of the three Gorgon sisters from Greek mythology.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis medusoides is known from the municipalities of Marilândia and Santa Leopoldina, in the state of Espírito Santo (Fig. 2). It grows in lowland Atlantic Forest, in shady and moist areas with great leaf litter accumulation, 90–550 m above the sea level.
Diagnosis: Very distinctive due to its vining habit, distichously-alternate leaves, blades asymmetric at base, main florescence a many-branched thyrse, with alternate cincinni, flowers zygomorphic, bisexual or staminate, stamens unequal, curved upwards, sigmoid filaments, and capsules globose and shallowly foveolate. It can be differentiated from S. zorzanellii by its membranous and velutine leaves, inflorescences always terminal in the secondary branches, petals dark mauve to vinaceous, rarely light pink or white, with margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs.
Etymology: The epithet means “admirable, remarkable, spectacular”, in allusion to its distinctive growth form, small flowers with a peculiar coloration, and the unique petal margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis spectabilis is confined to the type locality, in the native vegetation of the Horto Santos Lima (currently the headquarters of the Desengano State Park), in Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 2). Nothing is known about this species habitat, since the original labels give no information on the area and all field expeditions to recollect this plant have been unsuccessful.
6. Siderasiszorzanellii M.Pell. & Faden, sp. nov.
Diagnosis: Similar to S. spectabilis due to its vining habit, distichously-alternate leaves, blades asymmetric at base, main florescence a many-branched thyrse, with alternate cincinni, flowers bisexual or staminate, zygomorphic, stamens unequal, curved upwards and sigmoid filaments. It can be differentiated from by its chartaceous and sparsely velutine leaves, inflorescences axillary in the primary branches or terminal in the secondary branches, and petals white with glabrous margins.
Etymology: The epithet honors the collector of the type specimens, João Paulo Fernandes Zorzanelli, Brazilian botanist and dear friend of the authors. JPFZ is an active and prominent collector in the state of Espírito Santo, with collections currently focused on Serra do Valentim, the type locality of S. zorzanellii.
Distribution and habitat: Siderasis zorzanellii is confined to the municipality of Iúna, Espírito Santo (Fig. 2). It occurs in the “Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana” vegetation, at 1200–1350 m above the sea level, generally near disturbed sites, being less frequent in well-preserved areas. This could be related to its climbing habit and the need of more sunlight exposure then the rosette species of the genus. This pattern is common in other liana and vine groups, such as Bignoniaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Sapindaceae (Acevedo-Rodríguez, pers. comm.), especially evident in big families such as Asteraceae, where the primarily climbing genus Mikania Willd. is almost exclusively found at the edge of forests, along trails, and in disturbed areas (Oliveira 2015).
Final remarks
The present work adds four new species to Siderasis, along with the addition of new morphological characters that help clarify the circumscription of the group. Siderasis Raf. emend. M.Pell. & Faden may be uniquely characterized as comprising small perennial rosette herbs or robust perennial vines, with shoots determinate or indeterminate, leaves spirally- or distichously-alternate. The inflorescences are terminal or axillary, either a many-branched thyrse with alternate cincinni or reduced to a solitary cincinnus, cincinni always several-flowered. The flowers are chasmogamous, bisexual or male, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, and petals with glabrous margins or ciliated with non-moniliform hairs. The androecium is composed of 6 fertile stamens, filaments straight or sigmoid, anthers dorsifixed and extrorsely rimose, anther sacs semicircular, divergent, connectives expanded and quadrangular. In the gynoecium, the stigma is annular-truncate or annular-capitate, marginally papillate with unicellular papillae restricted to the margin of the stigmatic regions. Also, similar to Dichorisandra, the capsules are thick-walled, and the seeds are arillate, biseriate to partially uniseriate, with semidorsal or semilateral embryotega, and a C-shaped hilum. All species accepted by us are easily diagnosed by a unique and constant combination of morphological character states. Furthermore, each species can be easily separated based on their geographical distribution, since they are microendemics, with non-overlapping distribution areas (Fig. 2).
As indicated by several systematic studies in Commelinaceae (Evans et al. 2000, 2003; Hardy 2001; Wade et al. 2006; Zuiderveen et al. 2011; Hertweck and Pires 2014) and by the morphological evidence presented here and by Pellegrini (2017), the need to recircumscribe subtribe Dichorisandrinae is pressing. Aside from the cytological character of x=19 large chromosomes described by Jones and Jopling (1972) and hypothesized by Faden and Hunt (1991), no macro or micromorphological synapomorphies were found so far for subtribe Dichorisandrinae in its current circumscription. On the other hand, if subtribe Dichorisandrinae is recircumscribed to exclusively contain Dichorisandra and Siderasis, Dichorisandrinae s.s. can be easily morphologically characterized by its thick-walled capsules, the biseriate to partially uniseriate arillate seeds, semidorsal to semilateral embryotega, and C-shaped hilum. The lineage composed by Geogenanthus (Cochliostema+Plowmanianthus) needs to be formally recognized as a subtribe, and can be easily circumscribed by its petals with marginally fringed with moniliform hairs, and anthers sacs curved to spirally-coiled and appressed to each other. Phylogenetic studies using both nuclear and chloroplast sequences seem promising in elucidating phylogenetic incongruences in Commelinaceae (e.g. Burns et al. 2011). However, most phylogenetic in the family so far completely disregard morphological data, with the exception of Evans et al. (2000, 2003). Studies focusing on the systematics and recircumscription of Dichorisandrinae are currently being conducted, combining morphological and molecular data (Pellegrini et al., in prep.), and should shed some light on the evolution of the reproductive biology in the family.
Marco O.O. Pellegrini and Robert B. Faden. 2017. Recircumscription and Taxonomic Revision of Siderasis, with Comments on the Systematics of Subtribe Dichorisandrinae (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys. 83; 1-41. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490
كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا
ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.
