[Paleontology • 2018] Caihong juji • A Bony-crested Jurassic Dinosaur with Evidence of Iridescent Plumage highlights Complexity in Early Paravian Evolution ---ScRaBBlE

Caihong juji 

Hu, Clarke, Eliason, Qiu, Li, Shawkey, Zhao, D’Alba, Jiang & Xu, 2018

  DOI:   10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y  
Illustration: Velizar Simeonovski

Abstract

The Jurassic Yanliao theropods have offered rare glimpses of the early paravian evolution and particularly of bird origins, but, with the exception of the bizarre scansoriopterygids, they have shown similar skeletal and integumentary morphologies. Here we report a distinctive new Yanliao theropod species bearing prominent lacrimal crests, bony ornaments previously known from more basal theropods. It shows longer arm and leg feathers than Anchiornis and tail feathers with asymmetrical vanes forming a tail surface area even larger than that in Archaeopteryx. Nanostructures, interpreted as melanosomes, are morphologically similar to organized, platelet-shaped organelles that produce bright iridescent colours in extant birds. The new species indicates the presence of bony ornaments, feather colour and flight-related features consistent with proposed rapid character evolution and significant diversity in signalling and locomotor strategies near bird origins.

Caihong juji  prepares to snatch its prey.

Illustration: Zhao Chuang

Fig. 1 Caihong juji holotype specimen (PMoL-B00175).
 Photographs of the slab (a) and counter slab (b) and line drawing (c) of the specimen based on both slabs. Photograph (d) and line drawing (e) of a composite of the rostrum of the skull and mandible exposed on the counter slab and the post-rostrum cranium exposed on the slab. Arrows indicate lacrimal crests. Question mark indicates uncertain identification. Scale bars: 10 cm a–c, 1 cm d and e.

 aof antorbital fenestra, cav caudal vertebra, cev cervical vertebra, dr dorsal rib, dv dorsal vertebra, ect ectopterygoid, emf external mandibular fenestra, en external naris, f feather, fu furcula, ga gastralia, hy hyoid, il ilium, is ischium, la left angular, lar left articular, lc left coracoid, lcr lacrimal crest, ld left dentary, lf left, frontal, lfe left femur, lh left humerus, lj left jugal, ll left lacrimal, lma left maxilla, lm left manus, ln left nasal, lp left pes, lpa left palatine, lpo left postorbital, lq left quadrate, lqj left quadratojugal, lr left radius, ls left scapula, lsp left splenial, lsa left surangular, lsq left squamosal, lt left tibiotarsus, lu left ulna, ma mandible, mf maxillary fenestra, o orbit, p parietal, pm premaxilla, pt pterygoid, pu pubis, rar right articular, rc right coracoid, rd right dentary, rfe right femur, rh right humerus, rm right manus, rp right pes, rpra right prearticular, rq right quadrate, rr right radius, rs right scapula, rt right tibiotarsus, ru right ulna, scl sclerotic bones, sk skull, sy synsacrum

Systematic palaeontology

Theropoda Marsh, 1881

Maniraptora Gauthier, 1986

Paraves Sereno, 1998

Caihong juji gen. et sp. nov.

 Etymology. Caihong is from the Mandarin ‘Caihong’ (rainbow), referring to the beautiful preservation of the holotype specimen of the animal and the array of insights it offers into paravian evolution; juji is from the Mandarin ‘ju’ (big) and ‘ji’ (crest), referring to the animal’s prominent lacrimal crests.

 Holotype. PMoL-B00175 (Paleontological Museum of Liaoning), a nearly complete skeleton with associated plumage preserved on a slab and counter slab from Gangou, Qinglong, northern Hebei Province, Tiaojishan Formation, early Late Jurassic, ~161 Myr.

 Diagnosis. A small theropod with the following autapomorphies within Paraves: accessory fenestra posteroventral to promaxillary fenestra, lacrimal with prominent dorsolaterally oriented crests, robust dentary with anterior tip dorsoventrally deeper than its midsection and short ilium (<50% of the femoral length, compared to considerably >50% in other theropods).

....

An artist's depiction of Caihong juji, a species of theropod dinosaur that lived 160 million years ago in what's now northeastern China.

Illustration: Velizar Simeonovski 

Dongyu Hu, Julia A. Clarke, Chad M. Eliason, Rui Qiu, Quanguo Li, Matthew D. Shawkey, Cuilin Zhao, Liliana D’Alba, Jinkai Jiang and Xing Xu. 2018. A Bony-crested Jurassic Dinosaur with Evidence of Iridescent Plumage highlights Complexity in Early Paravian Evolution. Nature Communications. 9, Article number: 217. DOI:   10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y

New 'Rainbow' Dinosaur May Have Sparkled Like a Hummingbird on.natgeo.com/2DyVWQR via @NatGeo
Little 'Rainbow' Dinosaur Discovered in China  shar.es/1NhEiQ via @LiveScience

  

---------------------------------------------------------------

روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

او

من هنا

شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2018] A Revised Cranial Description of Massospondylus carinatus Owen (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) based on Computed Tomographic Scans and A Review of Cranial Characters for Basal Sauropodomorpha ---ScRaBBlE

Massospondylus carinatus  Owen, 1854

in Chapelle & Choiniere, 2018

   DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4224 

Abstract

Massospondylus carinatus is a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa. It is one of the best-represented fossil dinosaur taxa, known from hundreds of specimens including at least 13 complete or nearly complete skulls. Surprisingly, the internal cranial anatomy of M. carinatus has never been described using computed tomography (CT) methods. Using CT scans and 3D digital representations, we digitally reconstruct the bones of the facial skeleton, braincase, and palate of a complete, undistorted cranium of M. carinatus (BP/1/5241). We describe the anatomical features of the cranial bones, and compare them to other closely related sauropodomorph taxa such as Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis, Lufengosaurus huenei, Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis and Efraasia minor. We identify a suite of character states of the skull and braincase for M. carinatus that sets it apart from other taxa, but these remain tentative due to the lack of comparative sauropodomorph braincase descriptions in the literature. Furthermore, we hypothesize 27 new cranial characters useful for determining relationships in non-sauropodan Sauropodomorpha, delete five pre-existing characters and revise the scores of several existing cranial characters to make more explicit homology statements. All the characters that we hypothesized or revised are illustrated. Using parsimony as an optimality criterion, we then test the relationships of M. carinatus (using BP/1/5241 as a specimen-level exemplar) in our revised phylogenetic data matrix.

Figure 1: Photographs of the skull of BP/1/5241. (A) Left lateral view. (B) Right lateral view. (C) Dorsal view.

Figure 2: Reconstructed skull of BP/1/5241.
(A) Left lateral view. (B) Right lateral view.

 aof, antorbital fenestra; aofs, antorbital fossa; bo, basioccipital; ecpt, ectopterygoid; eo, exoccipital; fr, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; nf, narial fenestra; obt, orbit; pa, parietal; pf, prefrontal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal.

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Dinosauria Owen, 1842

Saurischia Seeley, 1887

Sauropodomorpha Huene, 1932

Massospondylidae Huene, 1914 sensu Yates, 2003b

Massospondylus carinatus Owen, 1854

....

Conclusion: 

The use of CT scanning and 3D visualization graphics allows for a better understanding of the internal and external morphological structures of the braincase as well as information about the soft tissues such as the vestibular canals. M. carinatus can be tentatively diagnosed cranially by basipterygoid processes that are separated by an angle smaller than 60° and a jugal process of the ectopterygoid that is strongly curved. A revision of cranial characters provides a basis for more comparative work on the braincase of sauropodomorphs in general. Results also show a well-supported Massospondylidae clade. Further phylogenetic analyses using individual specimens of known ontogenetic stages as operational taxonomic units would provide better resolution for the Massospondylidae clade as well as a better understanding of which sets of character states set M. carinatus aside from other taxa.

Kimberley E.J. Chapelle and Jonah N. Choiniere. 2018. A Revised Cranial Description of Massospondylus carinatus Owen (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) based on Computed Tomographic Scans and A Review of Cranial Characters for Basal Sauropodomorpha.   PeerJ. 6:e4224.  DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4224

CT-scan study makes it possible to 3-D print the skull of the dinosaur species Massospondylus http://phy.so/434970306 via @physorg_com

---------------------------------------------------------------

روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

او

من هنا

شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2017] Mierasaurus bobyoungi • Descendants of the Jurassic Turiasaurs from Iberia Found Refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA ---ScRaBBlE

Mierasaurus bobyoungi 

Royo-Torres, Upchurch, Kirkland, DeBlieux, Foster, Cobos & Alcalá, 2017

reconstruction: Mike Skrepnick

 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2 

Abstract

A new, largely complete eusauropod dinosaur with cranial and postcranial elements from two skeletons, Mierasaurus bobyoungi gen. nov., sp. nov. from the lower Yellow Cat Member (Early Cretaceous) of Utah (USA), is the first recognized member of Turiasauria from North America. Moreover, according to our phylogenetic results, Moabosaurus utahensis from the lower Yellow Cat Member of Utah (USA) is also a member of this clade. This group of non-neosauropod eusauropods, which now includes five genera (Losillasaurus, Turiasaurus, Mierasaurus, Moabosaurus and Zby), was previously known only from the Jurassic of Europe. These recent discoveries in Utah suggest that turiasaurs as a lineage survived the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction boundary and expanded their known range, at least, into western North America. The revised spatiotemporal distribution of turiasaurs is consistent with the presence of a land connection between North America and Europe sometime during the late Tithonian to Valanginian (c.147-133 Ma). Mierasaurus and Moabosaurus are the only non-neosauropod eusauropods known from North America, despite being younger than the classic neosauropods of the Morrison Formation (c.150 Ma).

Figure 2: The skull material (UMNH.VP.26004) of Mierasaurus bobyoungi gen. nov, sp. nov.

Systematic Palaeontology

Dinosauria Owen, 1842
Saurischia Seeley, 1887

Sauropoda Marsh, 1878
Eusauropoda Upchurch, 1995
Turiasauria Royo-Torres, Cobos and Alcalá, 2006

Mierasaurus bobyoungi gen. nov., sp. nov.

Etymology: Genus named for Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco, Spanish cartographer and chief scientist for the 1776 Domínguez-Escalante Expedition: the first European scientist to enter what is now Utah. The species name acknowledges the importance of the underappreciated research by Robert Young on the Early Cretaceous of Utah.

Holotype: A partial skeleton of a single individual (UMNH.VP.26004), comprising disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements from the type site (Doelling’s Bowl). We regard this as subadult because it is a relatively large animal with unfused vertebral centra and neural arches in some dorsal vertebrae. This individual includes a partial skull and jaw, teeth, atlas, 8 cervical vertebrae, 11 cervical ribs, 11 dorsal vertebrae, 6 dorsal ribs, 6 sacral ribs, 15 caudal vertebrae, two chevrons, right scapula and partial left scapula, left radius, left ulna, left manus, complete pelvic elements, both femora, left tibia, left fibula, left astragalus and left pes.

tibia, fibula and complete left hind foot of Mierasaurus bobyoungi.

twitter.com/PaleoJim

Type locality and horizon: All Mierasaurus remains discussed herein are from Doelling’s Bowl bonebed, UMNH VP.LOC.1208 (Utah Loc. 42Gr0300v) within the lower Yellow Cat Member (below the marker calcrete), Cedar Mountain Formation, on lands managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in northern Grand County, east-central Utah. In a preliminary report in a conference abstract, detrital zircon dating indicates maximum ages ranging from ~136.4 ± 1.1 Ma and ~132 Ma for lower Yellow Cat Member and ~137.2 ± 2.0 Ma for upper Yellow Cat Member. The combination of these data with the upper Berriasian-Valanginian age based on ostracods and charophyte fauna for the upper Yellow Cat Member indicates a conflict in the maximum age traditionally considered for it 124.2 ± 2.6 Ma (see Supplementary Information). All of these data suggest a potential age of late Berriasian-early Aptian (c.142-124 Ma) for the Yellow Cat Member.

Doelling’s Bowl has produced the iguanodont cf. Iguanocolossus sp., a new species of polacanthid ankylosaur, a large allosauroid theropod (teeth), and the dromaeosaur Yurgovuchia doellingi. Exact locality information will be provided to qualified researchers on request through the Natural History Museum of Utah or the Utah Geological Survey.

Diagnosis: A turiasaurian sauropod possessing the following features (autapomorphies marked by *): *the otosphenoidal ridge extends from the anterior surface of the paroccipital process, near its ventral margin and is restricted to the medialmost part of the latter process (Fig. 2b); *the occipital condyle has a pair of rounded ridges extending dorsoventrally, one on either lateral face of the condylar articular surface (Fig. 2a–d); *the atlantal intercentrum (Fig. 3e,f) bears a pair of depressions in the medial surface, facing posteromedially, each of which receives the anterolateral margin of the odontoid process; a well-developed spinoprezygapophyseal lamina extends anteriorly (Fig. 3a–d, g–m) as a low ridge onto the lateral surface of the prezygapophyses roofing a lateral fossa on prezygapophyses in middle and posterior cervical vertebrae (shared with the diplodocine Kaatedocus26); *cervical ribs bear a ridge or bulge on the lateral surface of the tuberculum, immediately posterior to the base of the anterior process (Fig. 3n–v); dorsal neural arches lack posterior centroparapophyseal laminae; *lateral depression on the distal ramus of haemal arches (Fig. 5g,h); metacarpal I longer than metacarpal IV, shared with Macronaria27 (Fig. 5m); a very short ischium compared to pubis length (ischium:pubis length ratio = 0.75) (Fig. 5d–f); the midpoint of the fourth trochanter placed in the proximal part of the femur (Fig. 5a); femur with subequal distal condyles (Fig. 5k); and pedal unguals 2 and 3 compressed dorsoventrally (Fig. 5l,o).

Figure 6: Phylogenetic relationships of Turiasauria: The time-calibrated phylogenetic relationships of Mierasaurus bobyoungi n. gen. et sp. nov. The box next to each taxon demarcates its temporal range, whereas the colour of the box reflects the continent(s) where the taxon occurs (yellow = South America, light blue = Asia, orange = North America; green = Europe, dark blue = Africa; black = several continents).

 mired Mierasaurus type specimen.

reconstruction: Mike Skrepnick 

twitter.com/PaleoJim 

Rafael Royo-Torres, Paul Upchurch, James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux, John R. Foster, Alberto Cobos & Luis Alcalá. 2017. Descendants of the Jurassic Turiasaurs from Iberia Found Refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA.  Scientific Reports. 7, Article number: 14311. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2

Identificado un nuevo #dinosaurio de #Utah (#EEUU) con orígenes en #Teruel (#España) 

 fundaciondinopolis.org/index.php/noticias/476-identificado-un-nuevo-dinosaurio-de-utah-estados-unidos-con-origenes-en-teruel-espana-3

 twitter.com/Funda_Dinopolis/status/924950153269792769

---------------------------------------------------------------

روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

او

من هنا

شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[PaleoMammalogy • 2017] Maiopatagium furculiferum • A New Gliding Mammaliaforms from the Jurassic of China ---ScRaBBlE

Maiopatagium furculiferum 

Meng, Grossnickle, Liu, Zhang, Neander, Ji & Luo, 2017 

Reconstruction by April I. Neander | DOI: 10.1038/nature23476 

Stem mammaliaforms are Mesozoic forerunners to mammals, and they offer critical evidence for the anatomical evolution and ecological diversification during the earliest mammalian history. Two new eleutherodonts from the Late Jurassic period have skin membranes and skeletal features that are adapted for gliding. Characteristics of their digits provide evidence of roosting behaviour, as in dermopterans and bats, and their feet have a calcaneal calcar to support the uropagatium as in bats. The new volant taxa are phylogenetically nested with arboreal eleutherodonts. Together, they show an evolutionary experimentation similar to the iterative evolutions of gliders within arboreal groups of marsupial and placental mammals. However, gliding eleutherodonts possess rigid interclavicle–clavicle structures, convergent to the avian furculum, and they retain shoulder girdle plesiomorphies of mammaliaforms and monotremes. Forelimb mobility required by gliding occurs at the acromion–clavicle and glenohumeral joints, is different from and convergent to the shoulder mobility at the pivotal clavicle–sternal joint in marsupial and placental gliders.

Clade Mammaliaformes

Clade Haramiyida 

Clade (Order) Eleutherodontida

Maiopatagium furculiferum gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology: Maio (Latin): mother; patagium (Latin): skin membrane, referring to the preserved patagial membranes of the fossil; furcula (Latin): fork; ferum (Latin): similar, in reference to the sutured and/or fused interclavicle and clavicles that are morphologically convergent to the furculum (wishbone) of birds.

Locality and geologic age: The Daxishan fossil site of Linglongta township, Jianchang County, Liaoning Province, China. The fossil slab has preserved specimens of the index fossil Qaidamestheria sp. (Euestheria luanpingensis) that are known from the upper fossiliferous stratigraphic level of the Tiaojishan Formation. The vertebrate-bearing level of this site is dated to be 158.5 ± 1.6 to 161.0 ± 1.44 million years old. The Tiaojishan fauna has yielded several additional mammaliaforms.

fossil of gliding mammaliaform Maiopatagium furculiferum (type specimen from Beijing Museum of Natural History BMNH 2940).

photo: Zhe-Xi Luo 

Maiopatagium in Jurassic forest in crepuscular (dawn and dusk) light: A mother with a baby in suspending roosting posture, climbing on tree trunk, and in gliding

 Reconstruction by April I. Neander 

Qing-Jin Meng, David M. Grossnickle, Di Liu, Yu-Guang Zhang, April I. Neander, Qiang Ji & Zhe-Xi Luo. 2017. New Gliding Mammaliaforms from the Jurassic. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature23476

Researchers discover first winged mammals from the Jurassic period  phy.so/421491290 via @physorg_com

Rare Fossils Reveal New Species of Ancient Gliding Mammals  on.NatGeo.com/2vmGyCJ via @NatGeo

  

---------------------------------------------------------------

روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

او

من هنا

شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.