ScRaBBlE: Mexico

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Wednesday, March 20, 2019

[Herpetology • 2017] Chiropterotriton chico • A New Terrestrial Species of Chiropterotriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from central Mexico ---ScRaBBlE

Chiropterotriton chico García-Castillo, Rovito, Wake & Parra-Olea, 2017

B) Chiropterotriton arboreus, DBW, C) C. chondrostega, SMR (IBH 28195), D) C. dimidiatus, DBW 1342-45, E) C. mosaueri SMR (IBH 28179), F) C. terrestris, DBW, G) C. cieloensis, SMR holotype (IBH 29561), H) C. cracens, SMR (IBH 28192), I) C. infernalis, SMR holotype (MVZ 269665), J) C. multidentatus SMR (IBH 29571).

facebook.com/RCARYorg DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.2

Abstract

Chiropterotriton is a relatively small genus that comprises 15 species with great morphological and ecological diversity. In previous studies, molecular data provided evidence for a considerable number of species that remain undescribed. In this study, we describe one new species, Chiropterotriton chico sp. nov. based on molecular and morphological characters. We present mtDNA phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood that include all described and several undescribed species. Morphometric data from eight recognized species provide evidence for the distinctiveness of the new taxon. Description of this new species adds to the already high salamander diversity of the state of Hidalgo, which is an important area for the diversification of the genus.

Keywords: salamanders, bolitogossines, morphology, taxonomy, Hidalgo

FIGURE 3. Head, hand and foot morphology of Chiropterotriton specimens from Hidalgo
A) Chiropterotriton chico, holotype MVZ 118888, B) C. arboreus, MVZ 172159, C) C. chondrostega MVZ 106660, D) C. dimidiatus MVZ 178671, E) C. mosaueri IBH 28179, F) C. terrestris, MVZ 106700, and Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí G) C. cieloensis, holotype IBH 29561, H) C. cracens MVZ 129005, I) C. infernalis, holotype MVZ 269665, J) C. multidentatus MVZ 163908. Scale bar corresponds to 2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Photos in life of Chiropterotriton. A) Chiropterotriton chico, DBW (Jan 1974) B) C. arboreus, DBW, C) C. chondrostega, SMR (IBH 28195), D) C. dimidiatus, DBW 1342-45, E) C. mosaueri SMR (IBH 28179), F) C. terrestris, DBW, G) C. cieloensis, SMR holotype (IBH 29561), H) C. cracens, SMR (IBH 28192), I) C. infernalis, SMR holotype (MVZ 269665), J) C. multidentatus SMR (IBH 29571).

Chiropterotriton chico, (Jan 1974)

Chiropterotriton chico sp. nov.

El Chico Salamander | Salamandra de El Chico

Chiropterotriton multidentata (part): Taylor, 1944.

Chiropterotriton cf multidentatus (part): Rabb, 1958; Darda, 1994.
Chiropterotriton sp. 15: Parra-Olea, 2003; Rovito & Parra-Olea, 2015

Habitat and range. This species is only known from Parque Nacional El Chico in Hidalgo, Mexico .... It is unlikely to occur more widely, because surrounding areas have been extensively surveyed.

Etymology. The species name chico is in reference to the national park where the species occurs. Parque Nacional El Chico in Hidalgo, Mexico has been a protected area since 1922. The species name is used as an invariable noun in apposition to the generic name.

Remarks. This species was previously considered as conspecific with C. multidentatus and occurs in sympatry with C. dimidiatus and Aquiloeurycea cephalica. Likewise, Isthmura bellii has been collected very near sites where C. chico was once common ( MVZAbout MVZ 118953, 118954, 128978), but it is unknown if the two species occur in syntopy.

Mirna G. García-Castillo, Sean M. Rovito, David B. Wake and Gabriela Parra-Olea. 2017. A New Terrestrial Species of Chiropterotriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from central Mexico. Zootaxa. 4363(4);489–505. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.2
ResearchGate.net/publication/321772918_A_new_terrestrial_species_of_Chiropterotriton_Caudata_Plethodontidae_from_central_Mexico

facebook.com/RCARYorg/posts/1689850757756890

facebook.com/HerpMx/photos/1619100584817225

Una nueva especie terrestre de Chiropterotriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) del centro de México.

RESUMEN. “Chiropterotriton es un género relativamente pequeño que comprende 15 especies con gran diversidad morfológica y ecológica. En estudios previos, los datos moleculares proporcionaron evidencia para un número considerable de especies que permanecen sin describir. En este estudio, describimos una nueva especie, Chiropterotriton chico sp. nov. basada en caracteres moleculares y morfológicos. Presentamos análisis filogenéticos de mtDNA usando inferencia Bayesiana y máxima verosimilitud que incluyen todas las especies descritas y varias especies no descritas. Los datos morfométricos de ocho especies reconocidas proporcionan evidencia del carácter distintivo del nuevo taxón. La descripción de esta nueva especie se suma a la ya alta diversidad de salamandras del estado de Hidalgo, que es un área importante para la diversificación del género”.

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

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رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Arachnida • 2017] Califorctenus cacachilensis • A New Genus and Species of Cavernicolous Spider (Araneae: Ctenidae: Cteninae) from Mexico ---ScRaBBlE

Califorctenus cacachilensis

Jiménez, Berrian, Polotow & Palacios-Cardiel, 2017

Sierra Cacachilas Wandering Spider | DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.7

SDNHM.org

Abstract

Califorctenus gen. nov. (Araneae: Ctenidae) a new genus and a new species (Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov.) from the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico are described and illustrated. Califorctenus gen. nov. can be diagnosed by the morphology of the male palp, with embolus cylindrical and elongated, locking lobes of embolus positioned retrolaterally and the cup-shaped and elongated median apophysis.

Keywords: Araneae, taxonomy, new species, Baja California Sur

Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov., Male, dorsal view.

Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov. , Female, dorsal view.

Califorctenus new genus

Type species. Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov. here designated.

Included taxa. Only the type species, Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov.

Etymology. The genus name is derived from the combination of “Califor” in reference to the word “California” and “Ctenus”. The gender is masculine.

Diagnosis. Califorctenusgen. nov. resembles species of Amauropelma, Thoriosa and Trogloctenus by the morphology of the epigynum, with laterally elongated median fields that are curved dorsally to form a pocket (Fig. 6B) and basas lateral projections of the epigynum (Fig. 6A). Califorctenusgen. nov. can be distinguished from them by the morphology of the male palp, with embolus cylindrical and elongated, locking lobes of embolus positioned retrolaterally and median apophysis cup-shaped and elongated.

Distribution. Califorctenus gen. nov. is found in México in the state of Baja California Sur.

Califorctenus cacachilensis new species

Holotype. Male: MEXICO: Baja California Sur, Municipality of La Paz, Sierra de las Cacachilas, Los Pisos C. Palacios and J. Maya (CARCIB 0027).

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov., Ocular area, anterior view.

Califorctenus cacachilensis sp. nov. C. Egg sac. D. Ocular area, anterior view.

María Luisa Jiménez, James Edwin Berrian, Daniele Polotow, Carlos Palacios-Cardiel. 2017. Description of Califorctenus (Cteninae, Ctenidae, Araneae), A New Spider Genus from Mexico. Zootaxa. 4238(1); 97–108. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.7

ResearchGate.net/publication/314174830_Description_of_Califorctenus_Cteninae_Ctenidae_Araneae_a_new_spider_genus_from_Mexico

International Team Discovers Large Cave-Dwelling Spider in Baja California caves

SDNHM.org/blog/blog_details/international-team-discovers-large-cave-dwelling-spider/80/

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

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شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

[Cnidaria • 2017] Multigene Phylogeny of the Scyphozoan Jellyfish Family Pelagiidae reveals that the Common U.S. Atlantic Sea Nettle Comprises Two Distinct Species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha & C. chesapeakei) ---ScRaBBlE

Bayha, Collins & Gaffney, 2017. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3863

Abstract

Background

Species of the scyphozoan family Pelagiidae (e.g., Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora quinquecirrha) are well-known for impacting fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, especially for the painful sting they can inflict on swimmers. However, historical taxonomic uncertainty at the genus (e.g., new genus Mawia) and species levels hinders progress in studying their biology and evolutionary adaptations that make them nuisance species, as well as ability to understand and/or mitigate their ecological and economic impacts.

Methods

We collected nuclear (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rDNA) sequence data from individuals of all four pelagiid genera, including 11 of 13 currently recognized species of Chrysaora. To examine species boundaries in the U.S. Atlantic sea nettle Chrysaora quinquecirrha, specimens were included from its entire range along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts, with representatives also examined morphologically (macromorphology and cnidome).

Results

Phylogenetic analyses show that the genus Chrysaora is paraphyletic with respect to other pelagiid genera. In combined analyses, Mawia, sampled from the coast of Senegal, is most closely related to Sanderia malayensis, and Pelagia forms a close relationship to a clade of Pacific Chrysaora species (Chrysaora achlyos, Chrysaora colorata, Chrysaora fuscescens, and Chrysaora melanaster). Chrysaora quinquecirrha is polyphyletic, with one clade from the U.S. coastal Atlantic and another in U.S. Atlantic estuaries and Gulf of Mexico. These genetic differences are reflected in morphology, e.g., tentacle and lappet number, oral arm length, and nematocyst dimensions. Caribbean sea nettles (Jamaica and Panama) are genetically similar to the U.S. Atlantic estuaries and Gulf of Mexico clade of Chrysaora quinquecirrha.

Discussion

Our phylogenetic hypothesis for Pelagiidae contradicts current generic definitions, revealing major disagreements between DNA-based and morphology-based phylogenies. A paraphyletic Chrysaora raises systematic questions at the genus level for Pelagiidae; accepting the validity of the recently erected genus Mawia, as well as past genera, will require the creation of additional pelagiid genera. Historical review of the species-delineating genetic and morphological differences indicates that Chrysaora quinquecirrha Desor 1848 applies to the U.S. Coastal Atlantic Chrysaora species (U.S. Atlantic sea nettle), while the name C. chesapeakei Papenfuss 1936 applies to the U.S. Atlantic estuarine and Gulf of Mexico Chrysaora species (Atlantic bay nettle). We provide a detailed redescription, with designation of a neotype for Chrysaora chesapeakei, and clarify the description of Chrysaora quinquecirrha. Since Caribbean Chrysaora are genetically similar to Chrysaora chesapeakei, we provisionally term them Chrysaora c.f. chesapeakei. The presence of Mawia benovici off the coast of Western Africa provides a potential source region for jellyfish introduced into the Adriatic Sea in 2013.

Figure 3: Various morphs of Chrysaora quinquecirrha s.l. (A) Offshore South Carolina (OSC); (B) Sample taken from offshore Georgia; (C) Engelhard, NC (PAM); (D) White Chesapeake Bay color morph (Broome’s Island, MD—Patuxent River); (E) Red-striped Chesapeake Bay color morph (Solomons, MD—Patuxent River).

Note that medusae from (A) to (B) have five tentacles per octant, while (C)–(E) have three tentacles per octant. Medusae in (A, C) were included in this study’s phylogenetic analyses. (A: OSC1; C: PAM1). (A, B) represent individuals finally designated as Chrysaora quinquecirrha; (C–E) represent individuals finally designated as Chrysaora chesapeakei. Photo Credits: (A) Shannon Howard; (B) Greg McFall-NOAA; (E) Robert Condon.

Systematics

Chrysaora quinquecirrha Desor, 1848

Figs. 3A, 3B, 4–9; Figs. S1 and S2.

Diagnosis: Living medusae up to 40 cm (observed 59.0–176.0 mm) (Figs. 3A and 3B); tentacles typically 40 or more; 5.28 ± 0.45 (95% CI) tentacles/octant on average (Table 3; Fig. 8A); lappets rounded typically 48 or more; 6.26 ± 0.46 lappets/octant on average; rhopalar lappets slightly larger than tentacular lappets; can be differentiated from Chrysaora chesapeakei based on (1) smaller size of holotrichous Aisorhiza nematocysts: average: 20.25 [±0.38] × 11.27 [±0.37] μm (Table 3; Fig. 8C); (2) larger tentacle number (more than five per octant); and (3) typically shorter maximum oral arm length (average: 1.24 ± 0.27 time bell diameter).

Type locality: Nantucket Bay, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, East Coast of USA.

Habitat: Medusae are found in open coastal waters on the U.S. Atlantic coast.

Distribution: Western North Atlantic, east coast of the USA south of Cape Cod in coastal Atlantic waters at least as far south as Georgia/Northern Florida.

Biological data: Although the name Chrysaora quinquecirrha applies to the U.S. coastal Atlantic species, almost no ecological studies have been done on the coastal species, apart from (Kraeuter & Setzler, 1975), which found the largest Chrysaora quinquecirrha individual was found in a coastal area about 90 km offshore in full seawater (salinity >30).

Notes: Since this species retains the scientific name Chrysaora quinquecirrha, we advocate it retaining the common name “U.S. Atlantic sea nettle”, since it is also a coastal and open ocean species.

Chrysaora chesapeakei Papenfuss, 1936

Figs. 3C–3E and 4–9; Figs. S1 and S2

Diagnosis: Living medusae up to 20 cm (observed 17.0–175.0 mm; average: 63.0 mm); tentacles typically number 24 or 3 per octant (average 3.07 ± 0.07); primary tentacle central and secondary tentacles lateral (2-1-2); rarely, additional tentacles arise lateral to secondary tentacles (3-2-1-2-3) and are typically undeveloped; marginal lappets rounded and typically 32 or 4 per octant (average 4.08 ± 0.06); rhopalar lappets are typically about the same size as tentacular lappets; can be differentiated from Chrysaora quinquecirrha based on (1) larger size of holotrichous A-isorhiza nematocysts: 26.21 [±0.50] × 19.74 [±0.55] μm; (2) smaller tentacle number (∼3 tentacles per octant); and (3) larger maximum oral arm length (average: 3.00 ± 0.39 times bell diameter).

Type locality: Gloucester Point (VA), Chesapeake Bay, east coast of USA.

Habitat: Medusae are found in estuarine waters on the U.S. Atlantic coast and estuarine and nearshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

Distribution: Western North Atlantic, east coast of the USA south of New England to the Gulf of Mexico, restricted to estuarine waters on the Atlantic coast, known to exist outside of estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico.

Keith M. Bayha, Allen G. Collins and Patrick M. Gaffney. 2017. Multigene Phylogeny of the Scyphozoan Jellyfish Family Pelagiidae reveals that the Common U.S. Atlantic Sea Nettle Comprises Two Distinct Species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei). PeerJ. 5:e3863. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3863

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

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شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

[PaleoMammalogy • 2017] Xibalbaonyx oviceps • A New Megalonychid Ground Sloth (Folivora, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, and Its Paleobiogeographic Significance ---ScRaBBlE

Xibalbaonyx oviceps

Stinnesbeck, Frey, Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González, Núñez, Morlet, Mata, Sanvicente, Hering & Sandoval, 2017.

DOI: 10.1007/s12542-017-0349-5

Abstract

Here we describe a new genus and species of giant ground sloth, Xibalbaonyx oviceps (Megalonychidae, Xenarthra), from the drowned cave system of the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula. The specimen is Late Pleistocene in age and was discovered in the Zapote sinkhole (cenote) near Puerto Morelos in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Xibalbaonyx oviceps differs significantly from all hitherto known Megalonychidae including those from the Greater Antilles and South America. The new taxon suggests a local Caribbean radiation of ground sloths during the Late Pleistocene, which is consistent with the dispersal of the group along a Mexican corridor.

Keywords: Ground sloths, Pleistocene, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Systematic palaeontology

Superorder Xenarthra Cope, 1889

Order Pilosa Flower, 1883

Superfamily Megatherioidea Gray, 1821

Family Megalonychidae Gervais, 1855

Diagnosis of the family. Xibalbaonyx oviceps is identified as a member of Megalonychidae based on the following features: dorsal contour of skull evenly convex in lateral view. The glenoid fossa is mediolaterally widened, its posterior surface smooth and the fossa is well separated from the porus acusticus. The lateral plate of the entotympanic is thin with a medial expansion and weak participation in the floor of the tympanic cavity. The paroccipital process is well developed (Patterson et al. 1992; Gaudin 1995, 2004; McDonald et al. 2013b).

Fig. 4: Xibalbaonyx oviceps (Za2014-01) skull in lateral view (left side).

Fig. 3: Xibalbaonyx oviceps in situ within the Zapote cenote; Skull and mandible (Za2014-01, -05)

Xibalbaonyx oviceps gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology. For the genus: Xibalbá = Maya for “underground” or “place of fear,” dedicated to the cave divers who dive into the “underworld,” the cenotes, and collect the fossils under risky conditions, but also in honor of the Yucatán Peninsula, which is also called the Maya region; “őνυξ” (onyx) = Greek for “claw” or “finger nail;” for the species: oviceps from ovum = Latin for “egg” and caput = “head,” “egghead,” referring to the regularly domed skull roof of the specimen.

Stratigraphic and geographic distribution. The Cenote Zapote 16 Q 0486971 UTM 2305968, Ruta de los Cenotes Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo, Mexico. Late Pleistocene and/or Early Holocene (9.305 ± 35 14C bp, 10.647–10.305 cal bp).

.....

Conclusions:

The well-preserved skull and mandible of a ground sloth discovered in the Zapote cenote Cave near Puerto Morelos on the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico is here described as a new genus and species of Megalonychidae. The individual, here named Xibalbaonyx oviceps, has a dental formula of 5/4 including a greatly enlarged caniniform tooth of triangular cross-section. This caniniform is separated by a long diastema from the molariform tooth rows in both the lower and upper jaw. The molariform teeth show oval, rounded rectangular to reniform (McDonald et al. 2013b) occlusal shapes with transverse crests. All teeth except for the upper caniniforms, show striations and apicobasal sulci that may be expressed as shallow grooves or deep sulci. The ascending process of the jugal is longer than the descending and middle process of the jugal. The pterygoids are inflated. The glenoid fossa is transversally widened. The skull is elongated and narrow, with a nasional impression on the nasals. The temporal lines are widely separated and do not form a sagittal crest. The skull is narrow and gracile compared that of other Megalonychidae of similar size, such as Megalonyx or Ahytherium. The Zapote ground sloth was a subadult individual, based on the degree of suture fusion in the skull, faint temporal lines and the condition of the occlusion faces of the molariforms. To present knowledge Xibalbaonyx appears to have been endemic on the Yucatán Peninsula, suggesting a local microevolution on this karst desert during the Late Pleistocene.

Sarah R. Stinnesbeck, Eberhard Frey, Jerónimo Avíles Olguín, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Patrick Zell, Heinrich Mallison, Arturo González González, Eugenio Aceves Núñez, Adriana Velázquez Morlet, Alejandro Terrazas Mata, Martha Benavente Sanvicente, Fabio Hering and Carmen Rojas Sandoval. 2017. Xibalbaonyx oviceps, A New Megalonychid Ground Sloth (Folivora, Xenarthra) from the Late Pleistocene of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, and Its Paleobiogeographic Significance. PalZ [Paläontologische Zeitschrift]. 91(2); 245–271. DOI: 10.1007/s12542-017-0349-5

ResearchGate.net/publication/317185046_Xibalbaonyx_oviceps_a_new_megalonychid_ground_sloth_Folivora_Xenarthra_from_the_Late_Pleistocene_of_the_Yucatan_Peninsula_Mexico_and_its_paleobiogeographic_significance

Ancient species of giant sloth discovered in Mexico ctv.news/M8rqjqN

Tízezer éve élt óriáslajhár maradványaira bukkantak Mexikóban http://www.origo.hu/tudomany/20170817-archeologia-tizezer-eve-elt-oriaslajhar-maradvanyaira-bukkantak-mexikoban.html

Kurzfassung: Die Unterwasserhöhlen auf der nordöstlichen Halbinsel Yukatan zeigen eine artenreiche Ansammlung von Großsäugern aus dem späten Pleistozän und frühen Holozän. Hier beschreiben wir die neue Gattung und Art eines Riesenfaultiers, Xibalbaonyx oviceps (Megalonychidae, Xenarthra), aus der Zapote Doline (Cenote) in der Nähe von Puerto Morelos im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Quintana Roo. Das Exemplar unterscheidet sich signifikant von allen bisher dokumentierten Megalonychidae einschließlich derjenigen von den Großen Antillen und aus Südamerika. Das neue Taxon deutet auf eine lokale karibische Radiation von Bodenfaultieren währen des Spätpleistozäns hin, die mit der Ausbreitung der Gruppe entlang des mexikanischen Korridors übereinstimmt.

Schlüsselwörter: Bodenfaultiere Pleistozän Yukatan Halbinsel Mexiko

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

او

من هنا

شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

[Ornithology • 2017] Amazona gomezgarzai • A New Parrot Taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico — Its Position within Genus Amazona based on Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny ---ScRaBBlE

Amazona gomezgarzai

Silva, Guzmán, Urantówka & Mackiewicz, 2017

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3475

Abstract

Parrots (Psittaciformes) are a diverse group of birds which need urgent protection. However, many taxa from this order have an unresolved status, which makes their conservation difficult. One species-rich parrot genus is Amazona, which is widely distributed in the New World. Here we describe a new Amazona form, which is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. This parrot is clearly separable from other Amazona species in eleven morphometric characters as well as call and behavior. The clear differences in these features imply that the parrot most likely represents a new species. In contrast to this, the phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial markers shows that this parrot groups with strong support within A. albifrons from Central America, which would suggest that it is a subspecies of A. albifrons. However, taken together tree topology tests and morphometric analyses, we can conclude that the new parrot represents a recently evolving species, whose taxonomic status should be further confirmed. This lineage diverged from its closest relative about 120,000 years ago and was subjected to accelerated morphological and behavioral changes like some other representatives of the genus Amazona. Our phylogenies, which are so far the most comprehensive for Amazona taxa enabled us to consider the most feasible scenarios about parrot colonization of the Greater and Lesser Antilles and Central America from South America mainland. The molecular dating of these migrations and diversification rate were correlated with climatic and geological events in the last five million years, giving an interesting insight into Amazon parrot phylogeography and their evolution in general.

Figure 4: Photograph of the male holotype (C and A—individual on the right) and female paratype (B and A—individual on the left) of the new Amazona.

Amazona gomezgarzai, sp. nov. (Figs. 2–7)

Holotype. Adult male, MEXICO, the Yucatán Peninsula, south of Becanchén in Tekax Municipality. The holotype is represented by the feathers of the male, which were deposited in the collection of the Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biologícas, Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Mexico and were assigned catalog number: MGG01-Amazona gomezgarzai-holotipo. Article 72.5.1 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (henceforth CODE) permits the use of animal parts in the designation of a type specimen. Upon death of the living bird, its preserved body will be paired to the feathers for a complete body. This complies with Article 16.4.2 of the CODE, which states that where the holotype is an extant individual, a statement of the intent to deposit the individual in a collection upon its death accompanied by a statement indicating the name and location of that collection is sufficient.

Paratype. Adult female collected in the same locality as the holotype. Like the holotype, feathers from this specimen have been deposited in the collection and have assigned catalog number: MGG02-Amazona gomezgarzai-alotipo. Upon its death, it will be added to the collection in Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biologícas, Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, Mexico.

Etymology. We take extreme pride in naming this parrot after Miguel Angel Gómez Garza, a Mexican veterinarian born in Monterrey (Nuevo León, Mexico) in 1960. Gómez Garza’s interest in the ecology of the parrots of Mexico spans decades and culminated in the publication of a work specifically dealing with the psittacines of that country (Gómez Garza, 2014). During his professional lifetime, Gómez Garza has been deeply involved in rehabilitating confiscated wildlife. For the last thirty years, in his private veterinary clinic (Veterinaria del Valle) in Monterrey, he has honorably supported the wildlife protection agency of the Republic of Mexico, Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente (PROFEPA), providing medical attention to confiscated wildlife suitable for being returned to their natural habitat. As a researcher in the Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia of the Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León, he is presently working on a veterinary protocol for confiscated psittacines intended for reintroduction to the wild. He brought the existence of this unique member of the genus Amazona to our attention and to him science and we owe a debt of gratitude. We suggest the common name in English: blue-winged Amazon and in Spanish: Loro de alas azules.

Distribution. The new Amazona is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula in southern Mexico. To date, its presence is confined to an area roughly 100 km2 that is centered south of Becanchén in Tekax Municipality, Yucatán. No part of the range is presently protected in any form.

Habitat. The new Amazona is found in tropical caducifolius and subcaducifolius forest. It is also found in disturbed patches of native vegetation and in small, cultivated fields with scattered trees. It is found below 300 m above sea level.

Natural history. Miguel A. Gómez Garza first sighted this parrot in the field in trees of the Leucaena genus at heights of approximately 6 m in the beginning of 2014 during a visit to the south of Becanchén, in the municipality of Tekax. The parrots occurred in small flocks of three to five individuals and fed on the tender pods produced by this tree. During a follow up visit in August 2014, Gómez Garza also sighted pairs with their fledged young. This field work confirmed the rarity of the species and that it was far less common than the other two species found in the same area, Amazona albifrons nana and Amazona xantholora.

In normal parrot fashion, the new Amazona is diurnal, beginning the day at sunrise. It is generally secretive when resting, using its plumage as camouflage. In contrast, it is vocal and noisy in flight. The flight is moderately fast with the mechanism that is typical of the genus Amazona with wing-beats never exceeding the horizontal axis.

The new Amazona is found in small flocks of less than 12 individuals, which were studied in the field. Pairs and their progeny have a tendency to remain together and are discernible in groups. Like all members of the genus Amazona, this parrot is herbivore. Its diet consists of seeds, fruits, flowers and leaves obtained in the tree canopy. It also consumes tender shoots of native trees and the pods of leguminous trees including uaxim (Leucaena glauca), bukut (Cassia grandis) and katsín (Acasia gaumeri).

Very little is known about this parrot’s biology. There is no conservation program currently in effect to preserve this parrot but its long-term existence impinges on the local communities and making them aware of this parrot’s value as a result of its uniqueness, its potential as a bird watching attraction and the fact that it is present only locally. Its small range and rarity should make its conservation a priority.

Tony Silva, Antonio Guzmán, Adam D. Urantówka and Paweł Mackiewicz. 2017. A New Parrot Taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico — Its Position within Genus Amazona based on Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny. PeerJ. 5:e3475. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3475

This New Parrot Species Sounds Like a Hawk http://on.natgeo.com/2rXKzuX via @NatGeo

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

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تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

[Mammalogy • 2017] Ototylomys chiapensis • A New Species of Big-eared Climbing Rat, Genus Ototylomys (Cricetidae: Tylomyinae), from Chiapas, Mexico ---ScRaBBlE

Ototylomys chiapensis

Porter, Beasley, Ordóñez-Garza, Lindsey, Rogers, Lewis-Rogers, Sites, & Bradley, 2017

La Pera Big-eared Climbing Rat; Rata orejuda trepadora de La Pera || DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx096

sternberg.fhsu.edu

Abstract

An allopatric population of big-eared climbing rats (Ototylomys) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, is described as a new species. The new taxon is part of a unique montane rainforest community that includes several other endemic species in the limited geographic range between the Río Grijalva and the Central Depression of Chiapas. Several cranial, external, and molecular characters distinguish this new species of big-eared climbing rat from its more widely distributed congener, Ototylomys phyllotis. We performed principal component and discriminate function analyses of cranial measurements, and found that specimens of the new species consistently could be distinguished from other Ototylomys with strong statistical support. Compared with exemplars of Ototylomys from elsewhere in their range, the new species possesses a karyotype that differs by 3 additional biarmed chromosome pairs, is fixed or nearly fixed for distinct electromorphs at 12 allozyme loci, and the mean genetic distance exceeds 14%, based on comparisons of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene between the new species of Ototylomys and representatives of O. phyllotis. The restricted distribution in montane karst rainforest suggests that the species and its habitat may be a matter of conservation concern.

Taxonomy

Family Cricetidae Fischer, 1817

Subfamily Tylomyinae Reig, 1984

Tribe Tylomyini Reig, 1984

Genus Ototylomys Merriam, 1901

Ototylomys chiapensis, new species

La Pera Big-eared Climbing Rat; Rata orejuda trepadora de La Pera

Ototylomys phyllotis connectens: Baker et al. 1971 [1973]:82 (part, faunal report based on a specimen collected in 1969, here reidentified as O. chiapensis).

Ototylomys phyllotis connectens: Hall 1981:629 (part, marginal locality record based on Baker et al. 1971 [1973]).

Ototylomys phyllotis: Lawlor 1982:3 (part, karyotypic report based on Engstrom and Tucker, cited as in litt.).

Ototylomys sp.: Rogers, Engstrom, and Arellano 2004:439 (allozyme data from 2 specimens included in the present study).

Ototylomys sp. nov.: Dudley and Parish 2006:4 (referenced as endemic to El Pozo [= La Pera]).

Ototylomys chiapensis paratype (MVZ 161246).

Photograph by Duke S. Rogers.

sternberg.fhsu.edu

Etymology: The specific name refers to the species distribution in the Mexican state of Chiapas.

Distribution: Known only from the type locality and from 26 km N Ocozocoautla, both in the Mexican state of Chiapas (Figs. 1 and 2). The latter locality is in the municipality of Ocozocoautla de Espinoza at ca. 760 m elevation in the Reserva de la Biosféra Selva El Ocote, and is measured along the “old road” northwest of the city of Ocozocoautla de Espinoza (Johnson et al. 1976; Johnson and Savage 1995; Lamoreux et al. 2015).

Calvin A. Porter, Nia E. Beasley, Nicté Ordóñez-Garza, Laramie L. Lindsey, Duke S. Rogers, Nicole Lewis-Rogers, Jack W. Sites, Jr. and Robert D. Bradley. 2017. A New Species of Big-eared Climbing Rat, Genus Ototylomys (Cricetidae: Tylomyinae), from Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy. 98(5); 1310–1329. DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx096

ResearchGate.net/publication/319713352_A_new_species_of_big-eared_climbing_rat_genus_Ototylomys_Cricetidae_Tylomyinae_from_Chiapas_Mexico

Una población alopátrica de rata orejuda trepadora (Ototylomys) de las Tierras Altas del Norte de Chiapas, México se describe como una nueva especie. El nuevo taxón es parte de una comunidad única de bosque lluvioso montano que incluye varias especies endémicas en el área de distribución geográfica limitada entre el Río Grijalva y la Depresión Central de Chiapas. Varios caracteres craneales, externos, y moleculares distinguen la nueva rata orejuda trepadora de su congénere más ampliamente distribuido, Ototylomys phyllotis. Se realizaron análisis de componentes principales y de función discriminante de los caracteres craneales, y se encontró que los especímenes de La Pera fueron consistentemente distinguidos de otros Ototylomys con un fuerte soporte estadístico. En comparación con ejemplares de Ototylomys del rango, la nueva especie posee un cariotipo que difiere por 3 pares adicionales de cromosomas biarmados, está fijo o casi fijo por distintos electromorfos en 12 loci alozímicos. Adicionalmente, la media de la distancia genética comparada del gen mitochondrial citocromo b entre la nueva especie de Ototylomys y representantes de O. phyllotis, excede el 14%. La distribución restringida en el bosque lluvioso montano kárstico sugiere que la especie y su hábitat pueden ser de importancia para la conservación.

https://sternberg.fhsu.edu/2017/03/08/paratype-housed-at-sternberg/

New rat species discovered, named at Sternberg https://www.hayspost.com/2017/11/16/new-rat-species-discovered-named-at-sternberg/ via @hayspost

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

من هنا

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شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة

منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

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[Ornithology • 2017] Amazona gomezgarzai • A New Parrot Taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico — Its Position within Genus Amazona based on Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny ---ScRaBBlE

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