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[Ornithology • 2017] Myzomela irianawidodoae • A Colourful New Species of Myzomela Honeyeater from Rote Island in eastern Indonesia ---ScRaBBlE

Myzomela irianawidodoae Prawiradilaga, Baveja, Suparno, Ashari, Ng, Gwee, Verbelen & Rheindt, 2017  photo:   Philippe Verbelen  e-journ...

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Showing posts with label Paleoentomology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Paleoentomology. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 20, 2019

[PaleoEntomology • 2017] Yijenplatycnemis huangi • Extreme Adaptations for Probable Visual Courtship Behaviour in A Cretaceous Dancing Damselfly ---ScRaBBlE


Yijenplatycnemis huangi
 Zheng, Nel, Jarzembowski, Chang, Zhang, Xia, Liu & Wang, 2017

Illustration by D. Zheng. DOI: 10.1038/srep44932 

Abstract
Courtship behaviours, frequent among modern insects, have left extremely rare fossil traces. None are known previously for fossil odonatans. Fossil traces of such behaviours are better known among the vertebrates, e.g. the hypertelic antlers of the Pleistocene giant deer Megaloceros giganteus. Here we describe spectacular extremely expanded, pod-like tibiae in males of a platycnemidid damselfly from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Such structures in modern damselflies, help to fend off other suitors as well as attract mating females, increasing the chances of successful mating. Modern Platycnemidinae and Chlorocyphidae convergently acquired similar but less developed structures. The new findings provide suggestive evidence of damselfly courtship behaviour as far back as the mid-Cretaceous. These data show an unexpected morphological disparity in dancing damselfly leg structure, and shed new light on mechanisms of sexual selection involving intra- and intersex reproductive competition during the Cretaceous.


Figure 5: Reconstruction showing the courtship behaviour of Yijenplatycnemis huangi gen. et sp. nov. from the mid-Cretaceous tropical forest in Burma (drawn by Daran Zheng). 

Figure 1: Yijenplatycnemis huangi gen. et sp. nov.
Holotype (NIGP164757); photograph (A) and line drawing (B) of specimen (drawn by DZ). Paratype (BA16200); dorsal view (C) and anterior view (D) of specimen. 

Systematic palaeontology

Order Odonata Fabricius, 1793
Suborder Zygoptera Selys-Longchamps, 1854
Superfamily Coenagrionoidea Kirby, 1890

Family Platycnemididae Yakobson & Bianchi, 1905
Subfamily Palaeodisparoneurinae Poinar et al. 2011

Yijenplatycnemis huangi gen. et sp. nov

Etymology: The generic name is after Mr Huang Yijen, the donator of the type specimen, and the typical genus Platycnemis. The specific name is after Mr. Huang Yijen. Gender masculine.



Diagnosis: Very small damselfly, complete wing length about 11–14 mm; DC closed and quadrangular with MAb perpendicular to MAa; five postnodal and five postsubnodal crossveins present, somewhat aligned; only one postnodal crossvein present distal of Pt; midfork slightly basal of N; RP1 with strong angle below very long pterostigmal brace; area between RA and RP1 greatly widened distal of Pt; IR2 aligned with Sn; IR1 short, originating below Pt; MA long, ending on posterior wing margin below base of RP2; MP short, one or two cells long; CuA reduced to oblique vein; Pt very small, less than half length of surrounding cells; all tibiae spectacularly expanded, covered with two brown bands, in pod-like sclerite except on metatibiae where of semi-circular shape.

.....


Daran Zheng, André Nel, Edmund A. Jarzembowski, Su-Chin Chang, Haichun Zhang, Fangyuan Xia, Haoying Liu & Bo Wang. 2017. Extreme Adaptations for Probable Visual Courtship Behaviour in A Cretaceous Dancing Damselfly.  Scientific Reports. 7, 44932. DOI: 10.1038/srep44932

Courtship behavior trapped in 100-million-year-old amber
https://eurekalert.org/e/7kZx via @EurekAlert

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[PaleoEntomology • 2017] Linguamyrmex vladi • A New Genus of Hell Ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with A Novel Head Structure ---ScRaBBlE


 Linguamyrmex vladi Barden & Grimaldi, 2017

  
Abstract

An unusual Cretaceous trap jaw ant is described from Burmese amber dated to the Late Cretaceous. Linguamyrmex vladi gen.n. sp.n. is distinguished by an unusual suite of morphological characters indicating specialized predatory behaviour and an adaptive strategy no longer found among modern ant lineages. The clypeus, highly modified as in other closely related haidomyrmecine hell ants, is equipped with a paddle-like projection similar to Ceratomyrmex. X-ray imaging reveals that this clypeal paddle is reinforced, most probably with sequestered metals. Presumably this fortified clypeal structure was utilized in tandem with scythe-like mandibles to pin and potentially puncture soft-bodied prey. This unique taxon, which stresses the diversity of stem-group ants, is discussed in the context of modern and other Cretaceous trap jaw ant species.



Description
Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758
Family Formicidae Latreille, 1809
Tribe Haidomyrmecini Bolton, 2003

Genus Linguamyrmex Barden & Grimaldi, new genus

Diagnosis, workerAs in other haidomyrmecines (Haidomyrmex, Haidoterminus, Haidomyrmodes, Ceratomyrmex), head hypognathous-like with mandibles projecting primarily downward; mandible scythe-like, with flattened basal margin leading to a curved apical tooth that is expanded perpendicular to axial plane of head. Cephalic clypeal ‘horn’ present but abbreviated, differs from Ceratomyrmex by horn stalk of Linguamyrmex being glabrous, that of Ceratomyrmex with fine, stiff setae of various lengths; clypeal horn much shorter in Linguamyrmex, less than head length/depth, stalk short, with the expanded, flat, paddle-shaped setose pad comprising >50% total horn length; clypeal pad slightly trough-shaped ventrally, covered with very short, dense velcro-like vestiture; trigger hairs originate not at base of stalk as in Ceratomyrmex but near basal margin of setose pad; ocelli present. In addition, Linguamyrmex with first and second gastral segments with deep constriction between them (a gastral constriction is figured in description of Haidomyrmodes mammuthus but is less developed).

Type species: L. vladi sp.n.

Etymology: From Latin ‘lingua’, meaning tongue – in reference to the tongue-like clypeal projection – and the Greek ‘myrmex’, meaning ant.

Linguamyrmex vladi Barden & Grimaldi sp.n.


Etymology: In reference to Vlad III, or Vlad Dracula (c. 1429–1476), prince of a region of Romania then called Wallachia. His moniker, Vlad the Impaler, refers to his favoured and frequent method of execution, which inspired the vampirous character Count Dracula fictionalized by Bram Stoker in 1897. The patronym is in reference to the presumed impalement of prey by Linguamyrmex and its liquid diet (see later).

....


Phillip Barden, Hollister W. Herhold and David A. Grimaldi. 2017. A New Genus of Hell Ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with A Novel Head Structure. Systematic Entomology. 42(4); 837–846.  DOI: 10.1111/syen.12253

  

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[PaleoEntomology • 2017] Mesembrinella caenozoica • First Fossil of An Oestroid Fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the Dating of Oestroid Divergences ---ScRaBBlE


Mesembrinella caenozoica
Cerretti, Stireman, Pape, O'Hara, Marinho, Rognes & Grimaldi, 2017 


Abstract

Calyptrate flies include about 22,000 extant species currently classified into Hippoboscoidea (tsetse, louse, and bat flies), the muscoid grade (house flies and relatives) and the Oestroidea (blow flies, bot flies, flesh flies, and relatives). Calyptrates are abundant in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems, often playing key roles as decomposers, parasites, parasitoids, vectors of pathogens, and pollinators. For oestroids, the most diverse group within calyptrates, definitive fossils have been lacking. The first unambiguous fossil of Oestroidea is described based on a specimen discovered in amber from the Dominican Republic. The specimen was identified through digital dissection by CT scans, which provided morphological data for a cladistic analysis of its phylogenetic position among extant oestroids. The few known calyptrate fossils were used as calibration points for a molecular phylogeny (16S, 28S, CAD) to estimate the timing of major diversification events among the Oestroidea. Results indicate that: (a) the fossil belongs to the family Mesembrinellidae, and it is identified and described as Mesembrinella caenozoica sp. nov.; (b) the mesembrinellids form a sister clade to the Australian endemic Ulurumyia macalpinei (Ulurumyiidae) (McAlpine’s fly), which in turn is sister to all remaining oestroids; (c) the most recent common ancestor of extant Calyptratae lived just before the K–Pg boundary (ca. 70 mya); and (d) the radiation of oestroids began in the Eocene (ca. 50 mya), with the origin of the family Mesembrinellidae dated at ca. 40 mya. These results provide new insight into the timing and rate of oestroid diversification and highlight the rapid radiation of some of the most diverse and ecologically important families of flies.  



Fig 1. Holotype of Mesembrinella caenozoica sp. nov. (A) habitus in right dorsolateral view. (B) head and part of thorax in right dorsolateral view. (C) thorax in right dorsolateral view.

Systematics

Order Diptera
Superfamily Oestroidea

Family Mesembrinellidae
Genus Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos, 1893.

Mesembrinella caenozoica sp. nov.

Type material. Holotype male, a Dominican amber inclusion of Miocene age, housed in the American Museum of Natural History. Additional details are given under Materials and Methods.

Etymology. The specific epithet ‘caenozoica’ alludes to the name of the Cenozoic Era (from Greek kainos, meaning ‘new’, and zoe, meaning ‘life’), which covers the period from ca. 66 mya to the present day. The epithet should be treated as a Latin adjective.


Pierfilippo Cerretti , John O. Stireman III, Thomas Pape, James E. O’Hara, Marco A. T. Marinho, Knut Rognes and David A. Grimaldi. 2017. First Fossil of An Oestroid Fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the Dating of Oestroid Divergences.
  PLoS ONE. 12(8); e0182101. DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0182101

New fly fossil sheds light on the explosive radiation of flies during th... https://eurekalert.org/e/7vxk via @EurekAlert

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[PaleoEntomology • 2018] A First Survey of Cretaceous Thrips from Burmese Amber including the Establishment of Rohrthripidae fam. n., A New Family of Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera); Myanmarothrips pankowskiorum & Rohrthrips burmiticus ---ScRaBBlE


Myanmarothrips pankowskiorum 
Ulitzka, 2018

    DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.8 

Abstract
Burmite, a Cretaceous amber coming from the north of Myanmar, is known to preserve a great diversity of fossil arthropods, particularly insects. Many inclusions of different taxa in several insect orders have been well analysed, but this is the first study focussed on the Thysanoptera found in Burmite. In the sub-order Terebrantia, family Merothripidae, Myanmarothrips pankowskiorum gen. n., sp. n. is recognized in various amber samples from a total of 34 females but only one male. In the sub-order Tubulifera, Rohrthrips burmiticus sp. n. is based on a single female with a tubular tenth abdominal segment. This is an exceptionally well-preserved specimen, and details of the mouth parts indicate that the gnathal apparatus of modern Tubulifera was already developed in the Cretaceous. Due to plesiomorphic characters with respect to extant Tubulifera, the genus Rohrthrips is transferred to Rohrthripidae fam. n., and this family is clearly differentiated from extant Phlaeothripidae.

Key words: Burmite, Cenomanian, Myanmarothrips gen. n., Merothripidae, new species, new genus, new family, Rohrthripidae fam. n.


FIGURES 1–8. Myanmarothrips pankowskiorum gen. n., sp. n.
(1) female (MU-Fos-62/1), dorsal view; (2) female (MU-Fos63/1), dorsal view; (3) female (MU-Fos-63/1), head and prothorax; (4) female (MU-Fos-62/2), lateral view; (5) male (MU-Fos62/3b), dorsal view; (6) female (MU-Fos-63/1), trichobothria on abdominal tergite X (indicated); (7) fore wing (MU-Fos-62/ 3a), cross veins (indicated); (8) hind wing (MU-Fos-62/3b), membrane smooth with microthrichia present only at tip (indicated).

Manfred R. Ulitzka. 2018. A First Survey of Cretaceous Thrips from Burmese Amber including the Establishment of A New Family of Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Zootaxa. 4486(4); 548–558.   DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.8

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[PaleoEntomology • 2018] Phyllochrysa huangi • Liverwort Mimesis in a Cretaceous Lacewing Larva ---ScRaBBlE


Phyllochrysa huangi 
Liu, Shi, Xia, Lu, Wang & Engel, 2018


Highlights
• A new lacewing species is described from the Cretaceous based on larvae
• Distinctive foliate lobes are present on the thorax and abdomen of these larvae
• Such morphological modifications grossly match coeval liverworts
• The new larvae are the first example of direct mimicry in lacewing larvae

Summary
Camouflage and mimicry are staples among predator-prey interactions, and evolutionary novelties in behavior, anatomy, and physiology that permit such mimesis are rife throughout the biological world. These specializations allow for prey to better evade capture or permit predators to more easily approach their prey, or in some cases, the mimesis can serve both purposes. Despite the importance of mimesis and camouflage in predator-avoidance or hunting strategies, the long-term history of these traits is often obscured by an insufficient fossil record. Here, we report the discovery of Upper Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years old) green lacewing larvae (Chrysopoidea), preserved in amber from northern Myanmar, anatomically modified to mimic coeval liverworts. Chrysopidae are a diverse lineage of lacewings whose larvae usually camouflage themselves with a uniquely constructed packet of exogenous debris, conveying greater stealth upon them as they hunt prey such as aphids as well as evade their own predators. However, no lacewing larvae today mimic their surroundings. While the anatomy of Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov. allowed it to avoid detection, the lack of setae or other anatomical elements for entangling debris as camouflage means its sole defense was its mimicry, and it could have been a stealthy hunter like living and other fossil Chrysopoidea or been an ambush predator aided by its disguise. The present fossils demonstrate a hitherto unknown life-history strategy among these “wolf in sheep’s clothing” predators, one that apparently evolved from a camouflaging ancestor but did not persist within the lineage.

Keywords: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Mesozoic, Burmese amber, mimicry, liverwort


Figure 1. New Green Lacewing Larva Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov. in Upper Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian) Amber from Northern Myanmar (Holotype NIGP167955)
(A) Dorsal habitus. (B) Ventral habitus.


Figure 2. Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov. and Potential Model Plants from Upper Cretaceous Amber from Northern Myanmar
(A, D, and F) An unnamed liverwort (PB22713) and its leaves.
 (B, E, and G) Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov. (LPAM BA17003) and its lateral plates.
(C) An unnamed leaf liverwort (PB22712).
Scale bars, 1.0 mm ([A]–[C]), 0.1 mm ([D]–[G]).

Systematic Paleontology 
Order Neuroptera Linnaeus, 1758. 
Superfamily Chrysopoidea Schneider, 1851. 

Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology The genus-group name is a combination of phyllon (Greek, meaning, ‘‘leaf’’) and chrysos (Greek, meaning, ‘‘gold’’ and a common suffix for chrysopoid genera). The specific epithet honors Yiren Huang, who kindly donated the holotype for our study.

....

Figure 3. Ecological Reconstruction of Phyllochrysa huangi gen. et sp. nov.
Two larvae are shown at rest on liverworts.
Illustration: Dinghua YANG


 Xingyue Liu, Gongle Shi, Fangyuan Xia, Xiumei Lu, BoWang and Michael S. Engel. 2018. Liverwort Mimesis in a Cretaceous Lacewing Larva. Current Biology. In Press.  DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.060

100-million-year-old liverwort mimicry in insects phys.org/news/2018-04-million-year-old-liverwort-mimicry-insects.html  @physorg_com

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل
او
شاهد هذا الفيديو القصير لطريقة التحميل البسيطة


كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا
شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا
تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

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