[Paleontology • 2017] Burianosaurus augustai • A Basal Ornithopod Dinosaur from the Cenomanian of the Czech Republic ---ScRaBBlE

 Burianosaurus augustai 

 Madzia, Boyd & Mazuch, 2017

 DOI:  10.1080/14772019.2017.1371258 

Abstract
During their long evolutionary history, neornithischian dinosaurs diverged into several clades with distinctive adaptations. However, the early evolution within Neornithischia and the resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of taxa situated near the base of the clade remain problematic. This is especially true for those taxa traditionally placed at the base of Ornithopoda, either as ‘hypsilophodontids’ or at the base of the diverse clade Iguanodontia. Recent studies are improving our understanding of the anatomy and relationships of these taxa, with discoveries of several new non-ankylopollexian ornithopods from South America and Europe providing key insights into early ornithopod evolution and palaeobiogeography. Here, we describe a new basal ornithopod, Burianosaurus augustai gen. et sp. nov., based on a well-preserved femur from the upper Cenomanian strata (Korycany Beds of the Peruc-Korycany Formation) of the Czech Republic. The new taxon is diagnosed by a unique suite of characters and represents the only occurrence of a Cenomanian non-avian dinosaur in Central Europe north of the Alpine Tethyan areas. Histological examination of the type specimen reveals the presence of a loosely packed Haversian system which suggests relatively mature bone from a possible young adult. Phylogenetic analyses of two different data sets, selected to test the placement of B. augustai in various parts of the neornithischian tree, reconstruct B. augustai as a basal ornithopod, firmly nested outside Ankylopollexia. These results also support a diverse Elasmaria as a basal clade within Ornithopoda and reconstruct Hypsilophodon outside Ornithopoda as the sister taxon to Cerapoda. However, the relationships of ‘hypsilophodontids’ within Neornithischia remain contentious.

Keywords: Ornithopoda, Dinosauria, phylogeny, Cenomanian, Czech Republic

[2017] Figure 1. The holotype left femur (NMP Ob 203) of Burianosaurus augustai gen. et sp. nov.

[2005] Fig. 3. Left femur of cf. Iguanodontidae gen. et sp. indet. (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda), IGP MZHLZ/2003/1, in posterior (A), lateral (B), medial (C), ante− rior (D), and distal (F) views, with transverse cross−section through the femoral shaft (E).

(Fejfar, Košťák, Kvacek, et al. 2005) app.pan.pl/article/item/app50-295.html

Systematic palaeontology

Dinosauria Owen, 1842
Ornithischia Seeley, 1887
Neornithischia Cooper, 1985
Ornithopoda Marsh, 1881
Genus Burianosaurus gen. nov.

2005 cf. Iguanodontidae gen. et sp. indet.
Fejfar, Košťák, Kvacek, Mazuch, & Moucka: 297, fig. 3.

Age. Late Cenomanian, early Late Cretaceous.

Derivation of name. The name Burianosaurus is derived from the surname of the Czech palaeoartist Zdenek Burian (1905–1981) who greatly influenced the perception of dinosaurs during most of the twentieth century, and saῦro & (sauros), the Greek word for ‘reptile’ or ‘lizard’.

 Burianosaurus augustai sp. nov.

Holotype. NMP Ob 203, a well-preserved, nearly complete left femur.

Derivation of name. The name augustai refers to the prominent Czech palaeontologist and prolific science populariser Josef Augusta (1903–1968).

 Burianosaurus augustai sp. nov.

 Illustration: Edyta Felcyn. 

Conclusions

Only two definitive non-avian dinosaur specimens have been described from the Czech Republic to date: NMP Ob 203, a well-preserved left femur from the upper Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous), introduced by Fejfar et al. (2005) under temporary catalogue number IGP MZHLZ/ 2003/1, and IGS-MJ-0001 (currently DGSMU Pa 222), an isolated tetanurine tooth crown from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) published by Madzia (2014).

A re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships of NMP Ob 203 demonstrates that this specimen actually represents a non-ankylopollexian ornithopod, here named Burianosaurus augustai gen. et sp. nov. Analysis of a modified version of the Boyd (2015) basal neornithischian data set reconstructs B. augustai as a basal member of Ornithopoda, positioned more rootward than the rhabdodontomorphs but more derived than the Gondwanan elasmarians. The new taxon can be distinguished from all other ornithopods by a unique suite of morphological characters present in the femur. From a palaeobiogeographical perspective, B. augustai represents the only occurrence of a non-avian dinosaur from the Cenomanian of Central Europe north of the Alpine Tethyan areas (Fejfar et al. 2005; Csiki-Sava et al. 2015). This discovery adds to the growing body of work demonstrating the importance of the European fossil record for studying the evolution of non-ankylopollexian ornithopods (e.g. Ősi et al. 2012; Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. 2012).


Daniel Madzia, Clint A. Boyd and Martin Mazuch. 2017. A Basal Ornithopod Dinosaur from the Cenomanian of the Czech Republic. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. DOI:  10.1080/14772019.2017.1371258

Reconstruction of the possible form of the first "Czech" dinosaur, which was named Burianosaurus augustai. Only the femur is preserved from the specimen, so based on data on related species.... Illustration: Edyta Felcyn,

První český dinosaurus se změnil: byl primitivnější a nebyl zakrslý  technet.idnes.cz/cesko-kosti-dinosaurus-burianosaurus-augustai-f57-/veda.aspx via @iDNEScz

We describe the first dinosaur skeletal remains found in the Czech Republic, consisting of one complete femur and indeterminable bone fragments. They were recovered from the upper Cenomanian near-shore marine sediments deposited on the slopes of an ancient archipelago, several kilometres north of the larger Rhenish-Bohemian Island that was situated in what is now the middle of Europe. Sediments yielding dinosaur remains are of late Cenomanian age, Inoceramus pictus-I. pictus bohemicus inoceramid zone of the local lithostratigraphic unit, the Peruc-Korycany Formation. These are the first uncontested dinosaurian fossils reported from this formation and also the first Cenomanian dinosaur record in Central Europe. They document a small ornithopod belonging to an iguanodontid species comparable with similar Late Cretaceous European forms. The herbivorous dinosaur lived among a vegetation transitional between salt marsh flora, with abundant halophytic conifer Frenelopsis alata; and an alluvial plain assemblage dominated by lauroid angiosperms.
Key words: Dinosauria, Iguanodontidae, palaeoenvironment, vegetation, Cenomanian, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic, Europe.

Oldřich Fejfar, Martin Košťák, Jiří Kvaček, Martin Mazuch, and Michal Moučka. 2005. First Cenomanian dinosaur from Central Europe (Czech Republic). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50(2); 295-300.  app.pan.pl/article/item/app50-295.html

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رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2017] Isaberrysaura mollensis • A New Primitive Neornithischian Dinosaur from the Jurassic of Patagonia with Gut Contents ---ScRaBBlE

 Isaberrysaura mollensis

Salgado, Canudo, Garrido, Moreno-Azanza, Martínez, Coria & Gasca, 2017

  DOI: 10.1038/srep42778 

Abstract

We describe a new species of an ornithischian dinosaur, Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov. The specimen, consisting in an almost complete skull and incomplete postcranium was collected from the marine-deltaic deposits of the Los Molles Formation (Toarcian-Bajocian), being the first reported dinosaur for this unit, one of the oldest from Neuquén Basin, and the first neornithischian dinosaur known from the Jurassic of South America. Despite showing a general stegosaurian appearance, the extensive phylogenetic analysis carried out depicts Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov. as a basal ornithopod, suggesting that both Thyreophora and neornithischians could have achieved significant convergent features. The specimen was preserved articulated and with some of its gut content place in the middle-posterior part of the thoracic cavity. Such stomach content was identified as seeds, most of them belonging to the Cycadales group. This finding reveals a possible and unexpected role of this ornithischian species as seed-dispersal agent.

Figure 2: Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov. holotype.
 Skull in dorsal (a and b, photograph and drawing respectively), and left lateral (c and d, photograph and drawing respectively) views. (e) Premaxillary tooth; (f,g) maxillary teeth (g inverted).

amf, anterior maxillary fossa; aof, antorbital fossa; aso, anterior supraorbital; d, dentary; ef, elliptical fossa; f, foramina; fr, frontal; ift, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; mx, maxilla; n, nasals; o, orbit; pd, predentary; pdb, postdentary bones; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pso: posterior supraorbital; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. 1–7 denticles. 

Figure 3 Gut content of Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov.
(a–c), seeds of cycads (c), and other seeds (s); rib (r). (d,e) Detail of seeds of cycads: sarcotesta (sa), sclerotesta (sc), coronula (c), nucellus (n). (f) Location of the gut content in the reconstructed skeleton of Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov.  

Systematic palaeontology

Ornithischia Seeley, 1887

Genasauria Sereno, 1986

Neornithischia Sereno, 1986

Isaberrysaura mollensis gen. et sp. nov.

Etymology: In honour of Isabel Valdivia Berry, who reported the finding of the holotype material.

Holotype: MOZ-Pv 6459. A skeleton comprising a nearly complete skull, and a partial postcranium (still unprepared) consisting of 6 cervical vertebrae, 15 dorsal vertebrae, a sacrum with a partial ilium and an apparently complete pubis, 9 caudal vertebrae, part of a scapula, ribs, and unidentifiable fragments.

Type locality and horizon: The holotype comes from the locality of Los Molles (Neuquén Province, Argentina) (Fig. 1). The specimen was found in the marine-deltaic deposits of the Los Molles Formation (Toarcian-Bajocian), which in this sector reaches a thickness of approximately 1,042 m. The fossil-bearing level is composed of laminated pelites rich in ammonitiferous concretions and vertebrate remains, located some 40 m below the contact with the overlying unit (Lajas Formation, Bajocian-Bathonian). The presence of the ammonite Sonninia altecostata allows the fossil-bearing level to be situated biochronologically in the early Bajocian. In palaeoenvironmental terms, the sedimentary succession comprises a large-scale progradational deltaic system, dominated by wave action and the influence of storms. The dinosaur remains described here, the first reported from this unit, are among the oldest from Neuquén Basin.

  

Leonardo Salgado, José I. Canudo, Alberto C. Garrido, Miguel Moreno-Azanza, Leandro C. A. Martínez, Rodolfo A. Coria and José M. Gasca. 2017. A New Primitive Neornithischian Dinosaur from the Jurassic of Patagonia with Gut Contents. Scientific Reports. 7: 42778. DOI: 10.1038/srep42778

ResearchGate.net/publication/313790491_A_new_primitive_Neornithischian_dinosaur_from_the_Jurassic_of_Patagonia_with_gut_contents

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روابط التحميل والمشاهدة، الروابط المباشرة للتحميل

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كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2019] Galleonosaurus dorisae • New Small-bodied Ornithopods (Dinosauria, Neornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Australian-Antarctic Rift System, with Revision of Qantassaurus intrepidus ---ScRaBBlE

Galleonosaurus dorisae 

Herne, Nair, Evans & Tait, 2019

 DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2018.95 

Abstract

The Flat Rocks locality in the Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia, hosts fossils of a late Barremian vertebrate fauna that inhabited the ancient rift between Australia and Antarctica. Known from its dentary, Qantassaurus intrepidus Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1999 has been the only dinosaur named from this locality. However, the plethora of vertebrate fossils collected from Flat Rocks suggests that further dinosaurs await discovery. From this locality, we name a new small-bodied ornithopod, Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. from craniodental remains. Five ornithopodan genera are now named from Victoria. Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. is known from five maxillae, from which the first description of jaw growth in an Australian dinosaur is provided. The holotype of Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. is the most complete dinosaur maxilla known from Victoria. Micro-CT imagery of the holotype reveals the complex internal anatomy of the neurovascular tract and antorbital fossa. We confirm that Q. intrepidus is uniquely characterized by a deep foreshortened dentary. Two dentaries originally referred to Q. intrepidus are reassigned to Q. ?intrepidus and a further maxilla is referred to cf. Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Rich and Rich, 1989. A further ornithopod dentary morphotype is identified, more elongate than those of Q. intrepidus and Q. ?intrepidus and with three more tooth positions. This dentary might pertain to Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. Phylogenetic analysis recovered Cretaceous Victorian and Argentinian nonstyracosternan ornithopods within the exclusively Gondwanan clade Elasmaria. However, the large-bodied taxon Muttaburrasaurus langdoni Bartholomai and Molnar, 1981 is hypothesised as a basal iguanodontian with closer affinities to dryomorphans than to rhabdodontids.

Figure 4. Specimens of Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. from the Flat Rocks Sandstone in the upper Barremian, Wonthaggi Formation, Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia:
(1–2) holotype (NMV P229196), left maxilla in lateral (1) and medial (2) views; (3) NMV P208178, left maxilla in lateral view; (4) NMV P212845, left maxilla in lateral view; (5) NMV P209977, left maxilla in lateral view; (6) NMV P186440, left maxilla in lateral view; (7) NMV 208113, right maxillary tooth in labial view.

Scale bars = 10 mm (1–6); 1 mm (7).

 DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2018.95 

Systematic paleontology

Dinosauria Owen, 1842

Ornithischia Seeley, 1888

Neornithischia Cooper, 1985

Cerapoda Sereno, 1986

Ornithopoda Marsh, 1881

Genus Galleonosaurus new genus

Type species: Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp., by monotypy.

Etymology: From galleon (Latinization of the English for a type of large sailing ship) + saurus (New Latin from the Greek sauros for lizard), in reference to the appearance of the maxilla to the upturned hull of a galleon.

Occurrence: Flat Rocks locality in the Inverloch region of Victoria, southeastern Australia (Fig. 1); Flat Rocks Sandstone and The Caves Sandstone, upper Barremian of the Wonthaggi Formation in the Gippsland Basin.

Remarks: Prior to the recognition of Galleonosaurus n. gen., Atlascopcosaurus loadsi and Leaellynasaura amicagraphica were the only Victorian ornithopods identified from maxillary remains (Rich and Rich, 1989). The maxillae of Atlascopcosaurus loadsi are highly incomplete and the only known maxilla of L. amicagraphica (that of the holotype, NMV P185991) is damaged, and due to its diminutive size, difficult to study. The maxillae of Galleonosaurus n. gen., as well as the complete palatine and fragment of the lacrimal, now provide new information from which the anatomy of the other Victorian ornithopods can be better understood. The holotype of Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. (NMV P229196) represents the most complete maxilla of a dinosaur currently known from Victoria.

Diagnosis: Small-bodied, noniguanodontian ornithopod characterized by five potential autapomorphies: (1) ascending ramus of maxilla has two slot-like foramina on the anterior margin that communicate with the neurovascular tract; (2) neurovascular tract bifurcates internally to exit at two anteroventral maxillary foramina; (3) lingual margin of maxillary tooth roots in midregion of tooth row form an S-bend at their bases; (4) posterior third of maxilla on some, but not all, specimens deflects posterolaterally at an abrupt kink; and (5) lateral end of palatine lateral ramus forms a hatchet-shaped flange.

Occurrence: Flat Rocks locality in the Inverloch region of Victoria, southeastern Australia (Fig. 1); Flat Rocks Sandstone and The Caves Sandstone, upper Barremian of the Wonthaggi Formation in the Gippsland Basin.

Etymology: dorisae, in recognition of Doris Seegets-Villiers for her geological, palynological, and taphonomic work on the Flat Rocks fossil vertebrate locality.

Figure 1. Maps of Australia, southern Victoria and Gondwana: (1) present-day eastern Australia indicating region of interest; (2) inset from (1) showing upper Barremian–lower Albian ornithopod localities and associated geology; (3) reconstruction of Gondwana during the late Barremian (~ 125 Ma) using GPlates (www.gplates.org). Dashed lines in (2) indicate basin boundaries. Geological information in (2) based on Bryan et al. (1997, 2000). V-shaped symbols in (3) indicate direction and position of plate subduction, based on Wandres and Bradshaw (2005). Australian paleoshoreline in (3) based on Heine et al. (2015). Dashed arrows in (2–3) indicate paleoflow direction. AAR = Australian-Antarctic rift; AF = Africa; AN = Antarctica; AU = Australia; I = India; EF = Eumeralla Formation; ES = epeiric Eromanga Sea (in region of Eromanga Basin); ETRW = Eric the Red West; M = Madagascar; NC = New Caledonia; NZ = New Zealand; SA = South America; VHFT2 = Victorian Hypsilophodontid Femur Type 2; VOPC1 = Victorian ornithopod postcranium 1 (NMV P185992/P185993); VOPC2 = Victorian ornithopod postcranium 2 (NMV P186047); W = Whitsunday Large Siliceous Igneous Province (Bryan et al., 1997); WF = Wonthaggi Formation.

Figure 27. Australian ornithopod occurrences: ETRW = Eric the Red West; VHFT2 = Victorian Hypsilophodontid Femur Type 2; VOD2 = Victorian ornithopod dentary morphotype 2; VOD3 = Victorian ornithopod dentary morphotype 3; VOM4 = Victorian ornithopod maxilla morphotype 4; VOPC1 = Victorian ornithopod postcranium 1 (NMV P185992/P185993); VOPC2 = Victorian ornithopod postcranium 2 (NMV P186047). See Table 5 for associated information on ornithopod occurrences.

Figure 28. Time-calibrated phylogeny of the ornithopods from the IW strict consensus cladogram (Fig. 25.2). Dashed lines indicate unknown times of Pangaean branch/lineage divergences prior to the middle Callovian. Time scale based on Cohen et al. (2013). Thick lines indicate taxon (graduated shaded lines) and clade (solid lines) durations (for sources, see Text S1). Aal = Aalenian; AF = Africa; Alb = Albian; AN = Antarctica; Apt = Aptian; AU = Australia; Baj = Bajocian; Bar = Barremian; Bat = Bathonian; Ber = Berriasian; Cal = Callovian; Cam = Campanian; Cen = Cenomanian; Con = Coniacian; Hau = Hauterivian; Kim = Kimmeridgian; LA = Laurasia; Maa = Maastrichtian; NZ = New Zealand; Oxf = Oxfordian; SA = South America; San = Santonian; Tit = Tithonian; Tur = Turonian; Val = Valanginian.

Conclusions: 

The identification of the new ornithopod, Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp., and three further jaw morphotypes (VOM4, VOD2, and VOD3) from the Flat Rocks locality in the upper Barremian Wonthaggi Formation complements the four previously named ornithopods from Victoria—Atlascopcosaurus loadsi, Diluvicursor pickeringi, Leaellynasaura amicagraphica, and Qantassaurus intrepidus. Although synonymy between some of these taxa is possible, Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. and the newly identified craniodental morphotypes confirm that a highly diverse small-bodied ornithopod fauna flourished in the periodically disturbed, high-latitude, riverine floodplain environment of the Australian-Antarctic rift valley (see also Rich and Rich, 1989; Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1999, 2000; Rich et al., 2002; Herne et al., 2016, 2018).

The new dentary morphotype from the Flat Rocks Sandstone (VOD3) confirms the presence of an ornithopod with a more elongate dentary than that of Qantassaurus intrepidus, from the same locality, and with more alveoli in specimens of similar size (15 alveoli compared to 10). We speculate that VOD3 is a more likely candidate for the presently unknown dentary of Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. than the dentary of Q. intrepidus, although this suggestion cannot be presently confirmed. The similarity between the dentary teeth of VOD3 and an isolated dentary tooth (QM F52774) discovered in the Winton Formation, central-western Queensland (Hocknull and Cook, 2008) suggests that the spatiotemporal range of potentially closely related ornithopods in eastern Australia extended from at least the upper Barremian of the Australian-Antarctic rift system to the lower Turonian of the Eromanga Basin (Figs. 1.3, 27).

The phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 25.2, 26) recovered the Victorian ornithopods Diluvicursor pickeringi, Leaellynasaura amicagraphica, and Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen. n. sp. within Elasmaria (Calvo et al., 2007). In addition to the Victorian taxa, Elasmaria also comprises the Argentinian taxa Anabisetia saldiviai, Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis, Macrogryphosaurus gondwanicus, and Talenkauen santacrucensis. Increased anatomical understanding of the ornithopods recovered within Elasmaria, and particularly the Victorian ornithopods, will undoubtedly impel renewed phylogenetic assessment. The large-bodied Australian genus Muttaburrasaurus, however, is a nonelasmarian and was recovered within Iguanodontia. The time-calibrated phylogeny derived from the IW strict consensus tree (Fig. 28) suggests that Elasmaria and the stem of Muttaburrasaurus langdoni had their origins in Pangaea prior to the opening of seaways between Gondwana and Laurasia in the middle Callovian.

Matthew C. Herne, Jay P. Nair, Alistair R. Evans and Alan M. Tait. 2019. New Small-bodied Ornithopods (Dinosauria, Neornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Australian-Antarctic Rift System, with Revision of Qantassaurus intrepidus Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1999. Journal of Paleontology. First View. DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2018.95

New wallaby-sized dinosaur from the ancient Australian-Antarctic rift valley https://phys.org/news/2019-03-wallaby-sized-dinosaur-ancient-australian-antarctic-rift.html via @physorg_com

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ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.

[Paleontology • 2019] Convolosaurus marri • A New Basal Ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous of Texas, USA ---ScRaBBlE

Convolosaurus marri

Andrzejewski, Winkler & Jacobs, 2019

 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207935

Abstract

Material from a minimum of twenty-nine individuals of a new ornithopod, represented by nearly every skeletal element, was recovered from the Proctor Lake locality in the Twin Mountains Formation (Aptian) of north-central Texas. This material includes various ontogenetic stages, providing insight into the growth patterns of this species. The new ornithopod, Convolosaurus marri gen. et sp. nov., is recovered outside of Iguanodontia, but forms a clade with Iguanodontia exclusive of Hypsilophodon foxii. The presence and morphology of four premaxillary teeth along with a combination of both basal and derived characters distinguish this taxon from all other ornithopods. Basal characters present in C. marri including the presence of premaxillary teeth, the shape of the dentary teeth, and position of the pterygoid wing on the quadrate, whereas the presence of opisthocoelous cervical vertebrae, large proximal caudal neural spines, and curved maxillary tooth roots suggest C. marri is more derived than 80% of the basal neornithischians included in this analysis.

Fig 2. Convolosaurus marri, articulated specimens.
 (A) SMU 70456, articulated subadult individual on display at the Proctor Lake Corps of Engineers Office. Scale arrow equals 10 cm. (B) Composite skeleton on display at the Perot Museum of Nature and Science. Scale bar equals 10 cm. (C) SMU 75379 and SMU 75380, partial articulated skeletons found stacked on one another. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

Fig 4. Skull reconstruction. Skull reconstruction of Convolosaurus marri based on available specimens.

Abbreviations: A-articular, BO-basioccipital, D-dentary, F-frontal, J-jugal, L-lacrimal, MX-maxilla, N-nasal, OP-opisthotic, P-parietal, PD-predentary, PF-prefrontal, PMX-premaxilla, PO-postorbital, Q-quadrate, QJ-quadratojugal, SA-surangular, SOB-supraorbital, SQ-squamosal.

Fig 6. SMU 72834 anterior skull. (A) SMU 72834, anterior skull in right lateral view. (B) Illustration of SMU 72834, in right lateral view (David Baker).

Abbreviations: D-dentary, L-lacrimal, MX-maxilla, PMX-premaxilla, PD-predentary, QJ-quadratojugal. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

Systematic Paleontology

DINOSAURIA Owen, 1842

ORNITHISCHIA Seeley, 1887

NEORNITHISCHIA Cooper, 1985

CERAPODA Sereno, 1986

ORNITHOPODA Marsh, 1881

Convolosaurus marri gen. et sp. nov. 

Holotype: SMU 72834, a skull and partial articulated skeleton with 9 cervical vertebrae; 15 dorsal vertebrae; 6 sacral vertebrae; 23 caudal vertebrae; right and partial left scapula; right and partial left coracoids; left and partial right humeri; left ulna; left radius; partial left manus; articulated pelvis including the left and right ilia, proximal left and right ischia, partial prepubic rods; proximal and distal ends of the left and right femora and the mid-part of the left shaft; proximal left and right tibiae; and proximal left fibula. The type specimen, SMU 72834, is the largest individual in the sample measuring approximately 2.5–3 m in length; however, this skeleton does not represent a full grown adult, thus the adult size of this species in unknown.

Diagnosis: The presence of four premaxillary teeth with proximodistally oriented sulcus on the buccal surface distinguishes Convolosaurus marri gen. et sp. nov. from all other ornithopods. Further, it can be distinguished from other basal ornithopods by a unique combination of primitive and derived character states. Primitive character states include the presence of premaxillary teeth and two supraorbitals that extend across the entire orbit. Derived character states include: curved maxillary tooth roots; opisthocoelous cervical vertebrae; sacral neural spines twice the height of the sacral centra; proximal caudal neural spines 1.5 times the height of the centrum; expanded ischial ‘foot’; shallow intercondylar groove on the anterior surface of the femur; and a laterally compressed prepubic process.

Etymology: The generic name Convolosaurus translates from Latin meaning “flocking lizard” referring to clusters of juvenile specimens. The species name marri is in honor of Dr. Ray H. Marr who produced the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology videos “We are SVP” and “About the SVP Logo” posted on the SVP website (vertpaleo.org), and who is a strong proponent of students at Southern Methodist University (SMU).

Fig 30. Strict consensus tree produced from phylogenetic analysis. Strict consensus tree of 96 most parsimonious trees recovered from phylogenetic analysis. Bootstrap support values >50% listed beneath nodes.

   

Conclusions: 

The Proctor Lake fossil locality contains a wealth of specimens providing not only nearly complete individual skeletons, but also insight into ontogeny and population structure. The femoral length distribution of 29 individuals from the Proctor Lake locality indicates a high mortality rate among the smallest and presumably youngest individuals. Clusters of individuals of varying sizes suggest individuals flocked together long after hatching perhaps for protection against predators. The specimens recovered from Proctor Lake reveal a new species of basal ornithopod with a unique set of both basal and derived characters. Characters including an expanded ischial foot, curved maxillary tooth roots, and opisthocoelus cervical vertebrae position Convolosaurus marri in a clade exclusive of most basal ornithischians including Hypsilophodon foxii [Galton, 1974], but characters such as the presence of premaxillary teeth, shape of the frontals, and the position of the pterygoid wing on the quadrate position C. marri outside of Iguanodontia. Thus, this new species provides crucial information on the evolution of basal neornithischians.

 Kate A. Andrzejewski, Dale A. Winkler and Louis L. Jacobs. 2019. A New Basal Ornithopod (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous of Texas.  PLoS ONE 14(3): e0207935. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207935

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منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات

كيف تحصل على مدونة جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات من هنا

شاهد قناة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على اليوتيوب لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

رابط مدونة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات في أي وقت حــــتى لو تم حذفها من هنا
شاهد صفحة منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بألاف المواضيع والمشاركات على الفيس بوك لمزيد من الشرح من هنا

تعرف على ترتيب مواضيع منتدى مدونات بلوجر جاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات (حتى لا تختلط عليك الامور) من هنا

ملاحظة هامة: كل عمليات تنزيل، رفع، وتعديل المواضيع الجاهزة تتم بطريقة آلية، ونعتذر عن اي موضوع مخالف او مخل بالحياء مرفوع بالمدونات الجاهزة بآلاف المواضيع والمشاركات، ولكم ان تقوموا بحذف هذه المواضيع والمشاركات والطريقة بسيطة وسهلة. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــسلامـ.